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DIAMONDS 
IN THE ROUGH 

ACRES AND ACRES 
OF DIAMONDS 



'^CffiST^ 



WITH PLANS FOR POLISHING AND SETTING THEM 
SO THEY WILL SHINE THE BRIGHTEST. 



XX: 



:X! 



I^res^entation 



to 



'Abstain from all appearance of evil. 



from 



"Mercy unto you, and peace, and love, be multiplied." 



191 



X X 

XX XX 




Yours sincerely for service In helping to make this 
world happier and to leave It better than when we found 
it. — / Cor. 13 Chapter. The Author. 

"Re swift, dear heasl^ ip giving 

The rare, sweet flower, 
*. • * 
Nor wait to heap with blooms the casket 

In some sad hour. 

"Dear heart, be swift in loving — 

Time speedeth on; 
And all thy chance of blessed service 

Will soon be gone." 



JUL 29 1914 



Wiov^f)ip Wi}t TLovh in Wf)t Peautp of ?|olme£^s{ 

I Cftron. 16: 31. 

RULES FOR DAILY LIFE. 

Begin the day with God; 

Kneel down to Him in prayer; 
Lift up thy heart to His abode, 

And seek His love to share. 

Open the Book of God, 

And read a portion there; 
That it may hallow all thy thoughts, 

And sweeten all thy care. 

Go through the day with God, 

Whate'er thy work may be; 
Where'er thou art — at home, abroad, 

He still is near to thee. 

Converse in mind with God; 

Thy spirit Heavenward raise; 
Acknowledge every good bestowed. 

And offer grateful praise. 

Conclude the day with God; 

Thy sins to Him confess; 
Trust in the Lord's atoning blood. 

And plead His righteousness. 

Lie down at night with God, 

Who gives His servants sleep; 
And when thou tread'st the vale of death, 

He will surround and keep. 

J. B. S. 



THE GOLDEN INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE 

(INCOR PORATED) 

GOLDEN, NORTH CAROLINA. 



BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

L. U. Snead, President, Treasurer Golden, N. C. 

J. L. Crouse, 1st Vice-President Greensboro, N. C. 

L. E. Justus, 2nd Vice-President Lima, Ohio. 

R. A. Forrest, Secretary Toccoa, Ga. 

W. R. McDuffie, Auditor Durham, N. C. 

H. Gochenour Delphi, Ind. 

J. Smawley Golden, N. C. 

J. M. Snead Chicago, 111. 

B. H. Vestal Greensboro, N. C. 

HONORARY DIRECTORS 

Mrs. T. Adelaide Goodno Raleigh, N. C. 

North Carolina State President, W. C. T. U. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Stevick, State Vice Pres., W.C.T.U Raleigh, N. C. 

Miss Elizabeth March, Corresponding Sec'y. 

W.C.T.U Winston-Salem, N. C. 

Mrs. Ellen J. Y. Preyer, Treasurer, W. C. T. U Greensboro, N. C. 

Mrs. G. A. Strickland, State Supt. of Prison Work, 

W.C.T.U Raleigh, N. C. 

Mrs. F. J. Bounds, Ex. President, W.C.T.U Weldon, N. C. 

Mrs. Lila O. Stratton, National Lecturer and Organizer, 

W. C. T. U Lebanon, Tenn. 

Miss Mary B. Ervin, State Secretary, L. T. L Cedarville, Ohio. 

Miss Flo D. Stewart Leipsic, Ohio. 

Mrs. B. D. Hartsfield Gainesville, Fla. 

Mrs. J. M. Longcoy Lima, Ohio 



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3 


I 



Watchwords of The Golden Industrial Institute 
SIMPLICITY, PUBLICITY and EFFICIENCY 



Diamonds in the Rough 

Acres and Acres of Diamonds 

REV. L;>U. ISNEAD 

AUTHOR OF "THE BIBLE STUDENTS' CYCLOPAEDIA," 
"SUGGESTIONS," ETC. 



"A diamond in the rough 
Is a diamond — sure enough, 

And though yet it may not sparkle 
It is made of diamond stuff. 



"Of course, some one must find It, 
Or it never will be found, 

And then some one must grind it, 
Or it never will be ground. 



'But when it's found and when it's ground, 
And when it's burnished bright, 

That diamond's everlastingly 
Just flashing out its light!" 



He that giveth unto the poor shall not lack: but he that hideth 
his eyes shall have many a curse. — Prov. 28: 27. 



Consecrated to Helping Young Men and Women 
Struggling for an Education 



published by 

the golden industrial institute, golden, n. c. 

giving a general survey in picture and prose of the 

Southern Appalachian Mountains 



rz/o 



SLf 



COPYRIGHT 1914 BY 

L. U. SNEAD 

GOLDEN, NORTH CAROLINA 



PRESS OF 

THE REPUBLICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY 

HAMILTON, OHIO 



SPECIAL NOTICE. 

All telegrams sent and received via Forrest City, N. C, by phone to 
and from Golden Industrial Institute, Golden, N. C. No delay. 

Telegraph to Forrest City, N. C^and message is sent out at once by 
phone to Institute. Ig Q J*"*^ 

©CI.A376909 



INTRODUCTION 

IBenebiftug: "The Lord bless thee and keep thee: The Lord make His 
face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee: The Lord hft 
up His countenance upon thee and give thee peace." — Bible, 

^ M ^H I S book, zvhich is carefully illustrated,^ is fresh 

g and full of life; it gives a general survey in picture 
J and prose of the life and conditions in the Souther^i 
Appalachian Mountains, and especially this sec- 
tion of North Carolina where our School is located; 
— which is one of the most isolated shut-in rural sections in 
the United States. 

It will, we believe, go to the right spot in the hearts of 
young and old, being intensely interesting and instructive ; 
and givi^ig, as it does, the true story of the co7iditions, needs 
and possibilities of the thousands of families on these lone 
mou?itains, of which the outside world has had but the faint- 
est conception. 

The book maintains a high moral character and clean, 
manly tone; and the zvholesome lessons it teaches, from vital 
statistics on Public and Civic Life, Tables of Illiteracy, 
articles on Child Life, Duties of Parents, etc., make it of 
much value to all classes and ages. 

It is published solely for the benefit of the Golden Indus- 
trial Institute, Golden, North Carolina; to awaken interest in 
our work, and secure substantial aid to enlarge and carry 
on the important work of the Institute, which is a non-sec- 
tarian, co-educational school, located twenty miles from our 
county seat, and seventeen miles from a railroad. 

Our Institute is called Golden from the gold mined in this 
section. A^id, while nuggets of gold are being panned out 
for commercial use, there are all over these mountains hun- 
dreds of thousands of ^^ Diamonds in the Rough'^ zvaiting to 
be polished, that they may flash out their light not only near, 
but far, even to the darkest continent, as some have already 
done who were ^'burnished bright"" i?i the Golden Industrial 
Institute. 

Daniel Webster, whose words are silver and whose thoughts 
are golden, never uttered a more eloquent sentiment than this: 
— "// we work upon marble it will perish; if we zuork upon 
brass, time will efface it; if zve rear temples they zvill crumble 
into dust; but if we work upon immortal minds, if zve imbue 
them with just principles, with the fear of God, and love of 
our fellowmen, we engrave upon these tablets something 
which will brighten to all eternity. ^^ 



ANGLO-SAXON BLOOD OF THE MOUNTAINS. 

"Here I am! Look at me! My name Is Master 
Egerton Hester. Aly mama was born and raised In the 
mountains of North CaroHna. I am of Scotch and Irish 
blood, and you know blood tells. Am I not a fine speci- 
men of physical perfection and baby Intelligence ^ 

My papa and mama were missionaries In Cuba. I 
expect to be a missionary, too. You will hear from me, 
some day. I have thousands of poor baby brothers and 
sisters In the Southern Appalachian Mountains who are 
not so blessed as I am. Won't you buy this book for 
50 cents, so that they, also, may have an opportunity to 
go to school, to get an education, and learn about Jesus, 
and be missionaries and real soul-savers, too.^ 

/ am sure you will, when you read It, and look at the 
pictures. DonU say no; because many will not be blessed 
If you do. You can bless them, If you zvill, and then you 
will be as happy as I am. 




Only Jesus knows the priceless worth of a little child. God stresses the infinite 
importance, in His word, of saving the lambs; then we will have the old sheep. These 
mountains are full of lambs. They must be saved or lost! Which? 

10 



The Scope and Needs of the 
Mountain People 

GREETING: May God bless all our readers 
with good health, hope, usefulness, prosperity and 
a sweet sense of the loving presence of Christ. 

We trust that this book will free your mind from many 
misconceptions about the scope and needs of the Moun- 
tain people. It will bring you up-to-date in your knowl- 
edge, and we hope unite you in deepest interest in their 
behalf, for while you are becoming better informed in 
regard to their condition, your heart cannot but be 
drawn closer in unison to the living, loving heart of God, 
and a burning desire possess your mind to respond to 
the urgent call for means to help carry the Gospel of 
salvation and education into these remote Mountain 
regions. 

Tens of thousands of the best people of our country 
living at a distance from these isolated and unlettered 
people of the Southern Appalachian Mountains have not 
the faintest conception of this needy field, and know not 
the great potential worth of this people and the priva- 
tions and destitution by which they are surrounded in 
many sections. 

The object of this book is to call attention more for- 
cibly to this great, rich missionary portion of our home- 
land, where the writer has felt himself deeply moved in 
behalf of a people who have coursing through their veins 
the purest and most distinct remnant of original American 
blood on the Continent — Anglo-Saxon. 

The great bulk of the Appalachian Mountains is still 
in a rudimentary or comparatively undeveloped state. 
But the light of the 20th century has dawned and so the 
march of enlightenment, religion and development is on 
the increase, and hundreds are being enlisted in the 
movement. 

No one can place a limitation on the wealth of these 
Mountains, with richness in resources, salubrity of climate 
and productiveness of the soil. They can be made of 
transcendent beauty by religion and the education of 
brain and brawn. 

But with all our church, educational and missionary 

n 



work, It can be truthfully said that we have hardly 
touched the ragged edges of the great work to be done. 
When we consider that there are 101,880 square miles In 
this Southern Appalachian region, and only one academy, 
high school or college to every 3,000 square miles and 
only one such privilege to every 40,000- people, we see 
the responsibility that lies at our door. 

The great work that has been done Is bearing rich 
fruitage, but It Is but a drop In the vast ocean of necessity. 
The noble young people of these Mountains have but little 
chance, and what Is needed Is to help polish these diamonds 
In the rough, and give them an opportunity to make 
strong men and women for the Nation. 

In the South, millions have been put Into schools, to 
educate the negro, by northern philanthropists. And we 
are In hearty accord with their uplifting and education. 
But look on the other side and see how appalling Is the 
Illiteracy In certain Mountain sections and how little 
comparatively Is done for them. 

Ninety-five per cent of our kith and kin of the Moun- 
tains are native born. And can you think that right in 
the heart of this country of our's, many thousands can 
neither read nor write.? They are the Americans of 
America, and it seems to us that no loyal citizen of this 
great Republic should feel content In not lending a helping 
hand to one of the greatest needs of the hour, the educa- 
tion and uplifting of these people. They come from that 
loyal, patriotic, heroic stock that was always ready to 
respond whenever the Nation's call to arms came. "Here 
am I, send me." That same loyalty Is a strong character- 
istic of the native Inhabitants of the Mountains today. 
And we offer the thought, not as a prophecy but as an 
actuality, as demonstrated today in many cases, that 
there will come from these Mountain homes in the near 
future, multitudes not only of strong men and women for 
the educational, social, commercial and political life of 
the Nation, but especially for Its religious life. 

This is an automobile and materialistic age. How to 
make money and how to use money seems to be the ruling 
passion of the times, especially In our cities and towns; 
and few parents are consecrating their sons and daughters 
to the ministry and mission work. Hence as In the past, 
but more so in the future, we must look to other sources 

12 



for ministerial supply, — to our farm homes, and notably 
to the rich reserve of the four millions in our mountain 
section. It is a remarkable fact that more than eighty 
per cent, of all our ministers and missionaries come from 
the farms. Thousands of boys and girls in the Mountains, 
when properly educated and religiously trained and filled 
with the Christ-life will become intelligent and earnest 
leaders and teachers in the religious world. 

The true philosophy of life is to help others in such a 
way that they can help themselves. The greatest service 
we can do for one is to help him to help himself. This will 
encourage and strengthen because it leads to a larger and 
stronger life. And there is no better way to bring one to 
a knowledge of himself than to lead him to a knowledge 
of the powers, the forces that are lying dormant within. 

Thousands of children of our neighbors of the Hills are 
down and must ever remain down unless others more 
favored and blessed help to lift them up. And from 
years of experience in missionary work, we feel assured 
in saying that there are thousands of our noble, generous- 
hearted people, who if they really knew of the Mountain 
need of the South, would gladly respond to appeals for 
help. 

No one sincerely interested and intimately associated 
with the Mountain people fails to see how the masses, 
especially the children and young people, are waiting to 
enter upon the path of progress, a larger field of activity; 
and are showing large capacity for education and advance- 
ment. 

How easy it would be for thousands of persons to 
contribute even slightly towards placing the Golden 
Industrial Institute in a condition so that it could 
extend its help to hundreds now deprived of an education. 
By putting it on a self-sustaining basis hundreds, as the 
years come and go, would be benefited and helped to a 
noble and useful life. 

What is needed is a closer relation of the outside 
Christian world with our Mountain people; in a more 
sincere harmony of purpose and into a more concentrated 
intelligence of action and service. Such harmony of 
purpose will serve gloriously and add tremendously to 
the influence of the Christian religion by presenting a 
united display of its constructive agency arrayed in a 

13 



common cause of Battle. Our Country in its critical 
condition requires men formed of the most sturdy stuff to 
help tide it through its difficulties. The Andrew Jacksons 
of 1812, and the Abraham Lincolns of 1861, are in the 
Mountains. The footprints of the lads are to be seen all 
over the Appalachians; lads who are waiting and longing 
for an education; lads who are to be real statesmen, minis- 
ters, leaders and workers in the various avenues of human 
activities in the near future. Reader, will you not help 
us bring out these diamonds in the rough.'' 

What a glorious work it is to discover a man in a boy 
and a woman in a girl and help to develop them into a 
noble manhood and a beautiful womanhood. Can you 
spend a little money for anything grander than this ? How 
true it is that money is Hke time, one must spend it well 
to save it. "He gives twice who gives quickly." 

What is needed most in our mountain educational 
work is a good family life, a high quality of industrial 
manhood and womanhood, and this, right in the district 
where they live; for in the long run the highest welfare 
must primarily depend upon those who till the soil. To 
develop the marvelous resources at hand in the mountains 
(soil fertihty) one must develop rural manhood and rural 
womanhood. Our schools in the Southern Appalachian 
Mountains are the great family builders. 

Dear Reader, we need your help in this blessed charac- 
ter-building work. The more we study this mountain 
field the more intensified grow our longings to help our 
neighbors of the Hills to their God-given rights of an 
education and salvation. 

Think of it: Four millions in the Mountains and many 
thousands who cannot read or write. 



Yea, Lord, I gladly respond to Thy call (Mark 1:17), 
and will do what I can from this day forward to help win 
the unsav^ed to Thee. 



14 



Educational Work in the Southern 
Appalachian Mountains 

GOLDEN INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE 

Golden, Rutherford County, N. C. 

(Incorporated) 

This is a non-sectarian, co-educational institution for 
the purpose of giving a thorough training in the elemen- 
tary and higher branches of study, together with Scientific 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Manual 
Training, Domestic Science, Vocal and Instrumental 
Music, a Systematic Study of the Liquor Problem, and 
offering a thorough Bible course for Christian work. 



LOCATION OF GOLDEN INDUSTRIAL 
INSTITUTE. 

The school is situated in one of the many picturesque 
valleys among the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains 
in Rutherford County, Western North Carolina. A section 
where the advantages for an education are exceedingly 
limited, because of the remoteness from school centers. 
This school is for the especial benefit of the poor boys and 
girls of the mountains, though not wholly limited to these 
sections. 

Many of our students will have the opportunity to pay 
the cost of their board and tuition in whole, or in part, by 
their own labor. 

One of the essential features of the school training, is to 
fit students to develop the resources around them; special 
stress being placed on industry, economy and perseverance. 
In other words, to develop in our students their best, 
mentally, physically and spiritually, so that they can fill 
their niche and meet the demands of life. 

MONEY NEEDED. 

To pay for 300 acres of land, a new educational build- 
ing with class rooms and a commodious auditorium, a 
girl's cottage, a heating, light and power plant, to make 
possible more effective work, we need, and must have 
financial help. 

The aim of the board of directors is to make this school 
self-supporting in the near future, and to make it one of 

IS 



the great Object Lessons for all this mountain region. 
From this school will go out many ministers, missionaries, 
well-trained leaders and workers into the various avenues 
of human life. 

Brother, sister, friends, — will you^ help us, by remitting 
50 cents for "Diamonds in the Rough?" 

Don't fail to see the added reflex privilege as shown on 
page 81, which may come to yow, and yours, if you remit 
us promptly for this Center-table Hand Book for the 
Home Circle. 



MISSION AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. 

Rev. Junius M. Horner, D. D., Episcopal Bishop of 
the Missionary District of Asheville, N. C, who has 
established and has the supervision of a number of schools 
in the Southern Appalachian region, has this to say in his 
annual report of schools in the mountains. 

The public schools are inadequate and we are trying to supplement 
these public schools with Mission and Industrial schools as far as we 
have the means. The average citizen must have help in obtaining an 
education. The greater part of the wealth of the Nation drifts natur- 
ally to the cities, and where small populations are left to themselves in 
the maintenance of their schools, they are seriously handicapped. 

The mountain regions of North Carolina are the most isolated^ shut-in 
rural section of the United States. 

Here have been nurtured for many generations the purest stock of 
Anglo-Saxon blood on the continent. Less than one per cent, of the 
Highlanders of the North Carolina Mountains are foreign born, and as 
the immigration to our country in recent years has failed to reach these 
mountains, so has the commercial prosperity of the Nation side-tracked 
these regions. 

It is the testimony, as far as I have been able to find out, of all those 
who have had experience in mission work in both mountains and towns, 
that a great deal more can be done with the same expenditure of energy 
and money in the mountain sections than in the towns. The social 
economists advise the country and not the towns for the poorest dasses. 
The philanthropists, who wish to help the very poor of the cities, try 
first to get them in the country on the farms. And all those who wish 
to help a worthy class of people, should have their attention called to 
some inequalities or discriminations in the distribution of educational 
gifts. I have no disposition to discourage or discountenance the help 
given higher education in the United States, and I realize that such 
education requires a great amount of money, and that it reacts in a 
degree upon the general welfare of the whole country, and it may be 
said that the advantages offered at the universities are open to all. 
That may be theoretically true, but practically these advantages are as 
far from and out of reach of 99 per cent, of the mountain people, as if 
they were conditioned upon their first becoming millionaires. 

16 



There is in the Southern Appalachian Mountains a population nearly 
equal to that of the thirteen original states that demanded independence 
something more than a century ago, and they are of that same sturdy 
stock who helped to win that independence. Is it patriotic to suggest 
that these Highlanders leave their mountains just as the mountains are 
beginning to be opened to the rest of the country? Ought we not 
rather give them the help that will enable them to prepare for the 
economic and commercial contact with the other parts of the TOuntry? 
This approaching contact is seen in the number of ''foreign" lumber 
companies that are cutting down the forests and making much money 
that should go to the people who have held and preserved the forests 
until now, and who for lack of a working capital hav^e not been able to 
market the lumber. 

A friend of mine who knows the values of lumber told me that not 
many days ago he asked a mountaineer who was loading a railway car 
with some exceptionally fine lumber which he had hauled many miles 
over the mountains, what he was getting for the lumber. He responded; 
320 a thousand. This seemed a good price, but he said to me, the man 
who bought that lumber will get for it from 3200 to 3500 a thousand. 

Is not the situation one that appeals to you? 



COMPOUND INTEREST. 

Do you want compound interest on a loan with gilt 
edge security? Here is God's note on demand, payable by 
His Son, Jesus Christ, the Cashier of Heaven's Bank, that 
7iever failed. 

Note: "He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth 
unto the Lord; and that which he hath given will God 
pay him again." 

God never pays in simple interest, always in compound. 
Will You Invest? 

We truly believe that no other Home Missionary invest- 
ment of time, effort and money will pay larger dividends 
in time and eternity than what we do in this mountain 
work. 

Interest your friends and neighbors to send for a copy 
of "Diamonds in the Rough"— 50 cents, to aid this needy 
school. 

This will help You, to answer your oft repeated prayer; 
"Lord bless me, and make me, a blessing.^'' 



"Teach us, O Lord, to keep in view 
Thy pattern, and Thy steps pursue; 
Let alms bestowed, let kindness done. 
Be witnessed by each rolling sun." 
17 



WHAT CAN I DO? 

"I expect to pass through this life but once; if, therefore, there be any 
Kindness I can show, or any good thing I can do to my fellow human 
beings, let me do it now; let me not defer or neglect it, for I shall not 
pass this way again." — Anonymous. 



A motto, which is hung in a certain school in Germany: 

"IVhen wealth is lost nothing is lost. 
When health is lost, something is lost. 
When Character is lost, everything is lost." 



If there is any place more attractive and more Interesting than home, 
the boy will likely find it; but woe be to the boy that gets his education 
on the street. 



A HINT TO BOYS. 

I stood in the store of a merchant the other day when a boy came in 
and applied for a situation. 

"Can you write good hand.'"' he was asked. 

"Yaas." 

"Good at figures?" 

"Yaas." 

"That will do; I do not want you," said the merchant. 

"But," said I, when the boy had gone. "I know that lad to be an 
honest, industrious boy. Why don't you give him a chance?" 

"Because he hasn't learned to say, 'Yes, sir,' and *No, sir.' If he 
answered me as he did when applying for a situation, how will he answer 
customers when he has been here a month?" 

— Pittsburg Christian Advocate. 



BE READY 

BY ADELBERT F. CALDWELL. 

Many a boy has failed — it's true — 

Not because he'd no chance to do. 

But rather because, when the chance to him came, 

He wasn't prepared to make use of the same! 

This old world of ours, so active and steady, 

Is not going to wait for a boy to get ready! 

When she's a job for some fellow to do, 

She's not going to stand and wait long for you! 

There are other boys, p'rhaps, on the very same street, 

Who are ready and waiting to spring to their feet! 

And while they're succeeding, all due to their pluck. 

Don't go off complaining of having ill luck! 

But if you'd succeed, too — get busy, keep steady. 

For your time will come — and it pays to be ready. 

18 




A TYPICAL MOUNTAIN HOME. 

It is rented and occupied by a most excellent Christian 
family, so their children could be near to attend Golden 
Industrial Institute. 




This picture shows the pond where baptism by immer- 
sion has taken place for forty years. It is known for 
many miles around Golden, N. C. 

19 




THE GOLDEN WATER MILLS. 

Which have been used 125 years. Ov.ned by father and 
son, for many years. Upwards of 300,000 bushels of 
com have been ground in these mills and perhaps one- 
half have been carried on the backs of the mountaineers 
for miles- The burrs for grinding wheat came from 
France perhaps, 100 years ago. Sample of flour can be 
seen from 75 to 100 vears old. 




GOING TO MILL AS THEY DID 150 YEARS AGO. 
20 



OUR SOUTHERX MOUXTAIXEERS. 

Their Isolation and Poverty — Results of a First-hand Investigation 

(BY THOMAS R. DAWLEY, JR.) 

There is a considerable section of our country where the conditions 
of our people (especially of the children") are so deplorable as to beggar 
description. It is the mountain region known as the Soutliern Appa- 
lachians. A great number of the inhabitants are insufticiently housed, 
and they do not get enough wholesome food or sufficient clothing. 
Their children do not go to school, either because they do not care to 
send them, or for the very good reason that in many localities there are 
no schools; and where there are schools, the average term is only four 
months of the year, and the teachers are usually poorly qualified. There 
are localities where these people have intermarried, increased, and 
multiplied to such extent, with no opportunity of making a living, that 
they are degenerating under the effects of poverty and isolation. 

In saying this I do not include the entire region, for there are fine 
people among these mountains, who have good valley farms, and who 
grow an abundance to eat and clothe themselves well, even tliough they 
may not have adequate transportation facilities for the marketing of 
their crops. And there are mountain farmers who have transportation 
facilities, and who work and make money with varying degrees of 
success, as do people elsewhere. But poor people of the mountains, to 
whom I shall refer chiefiy in this article, live in localities that are too 
densely populated, and that are economically uninhabitable. 

I am able to state these facts of my own knowledge because I spent 
the better part of two years investigating the conditions for the United 
States Government. I carried on the investigation over a large terri- 
tory, making a house-to-house visit among the people, and recording 
upon printed blanks or schedules all the conditions under which they 
were found to be living, with the amount of their crops, land cultivated, 
food consumed, earnings, and total Income and expenditures for the year. 

The section of our country where these conditions exist includes a 
mountainous region of nine states, with a population, according to the 
census, exceeding the combined population of Montana, Wyoming. 
Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Washingtom, Oregon, and 
California. This region has thousands upon thousands of physically 
and mentally fit people, but there are entire localities in these mountains, 
and many of tliem, containing populations that are mentally and mor- 
ally and physically degenerating from lack of opportunity. 

It was not always easy to find this class of people. To a traveler on 
the railroads and on the hlgliways. there was always the gO(.'>d class of 
farming people in evidence; and, until I learned their ways, they always 
refrained from saying nuich about tl^e extreme poor class. I was assigned 
to study the conditions of the people on the farms. 

I believe it is due to Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles, of hookworm fame, 
that the special investigation which I carried on was undertaken. At 
that time I knew absolutely nothing about the conditions of the moun- 
tain people. My particular field of investigation was the mountains 
of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. With 
my headquarters most of the time at AshevUle. N. C. I spent the winter 
of 19t")7-W0S and the following spring, until summer, in the mountains, 
journeying east into the Piedmont region of North Carolina, south into 
South Carolina, west to the borders of Tennessee and Georgia, and 

21 



north into Tennessee, and thence into the Great Smoky Mountains 
both north and south. 

In order to get at the people and study them in their homes, a great 
deal of this travehng had to be done on horseback and in mid-winter. 
I found families without poultry, without eggs, without milk or butter, 
and without sugar or molasses or sweets of any kind. And I found the 
little children of these families (as young as three years) chewing tobacco 
because it assuaged the pangs of hunger, and mothers giving tobacco 
to their babies because "it stopped their yelling." 

I have been in cabin after cabin having only one room, in which the 
entire family lived, cooked, slept, and ate, without any other furniture 
than their rude beds, a few broken chairs, and a rickety table. I found 
in such cabins, six, eight, ten, and even sixteen children and grand- 
children growing up in ignorance, vice, and in many instances in crime. 
I found families without the simplest articles of civilization, such as a 
looking-glass, a comb, a brush, or a wash-basin. 

Picture to yourself a solitary log cabin, without windows or porch, 
on a little patch of land capable of producing only a few bushels of corn; 
and picture in one of these cabins the haggard old mother and the broken- 
down father sitting by the fireplace, chewing tobacco all day long, with 
eight or ten children, long-haired and dirty, scattered about — and you 
have a typical picture of the "farm" and of the family of the uninhabitable 
places. When you see one of these "farms" for the first time, you may 
ask, Where is the barn? Barn! There is not a barn, not even a chicken- 
coop, for miles around. 

To get a more precise view of exact conditions, let us start from the 
top of any one of the many mountain spurs in this vast region. We are 
on the divide. At our feet there is a tiny stream. As it increases in 
volume our descent begins. On our left we see a little cabin in a sloping 
"pocket" of land. It is surrounded by rocks and cliffs on three sides, 
with the mountain stream separating it from us and our trail. The 
cabin is a miserable structure of upright boards, with great open cracks 
and nothing to keep out the cold. If the sun is shining and the day 
fairly warm, we may see a group of children scattered about in the warm 
sunshine. They are bare-legged and ragged. Inside are rude and 
filthy beds, rickety chairs and table, coffee-pot, frying-pan, and battered 
water-bucket; that is all. In such a cabin as this you will not find a 
looking-glass, a wash-basin, or a comb; and the "farmer," if he is at 
home, will tell you that he "made forty bushels of corn," last season, 
which was not enough to do him. 

As we continue our journey down the mountain we come to more of 
the cabins; and, as a rule, they become a little better in appearance, 
and the "farmer" may tell us that he "made a right smart corn last 
year and enough to do him." Now we come to a cabin with a porch, 
where there are wooden pegs driven into the wall, and on the pegs are 
clothing, harness for a bull, and, perhaps, a looking-glass with a wash-basin 
under it. Perhaps this cabin has a crib and an out-house of some sort. 

As we get near the foot of the mountain the country begins to open 
out before us; fields give place to the little pockets of land which we have 
passed, and the mule and the horse take the place of the harnessed bull. 
The rude cabins develop into houses, and the fields into well-cultivated 
farms with out-houses and stock. And it is here that we get good meal 
of home products, while we talk to the good type of mountain farmer, 
who rears his children well, and sends them off to school to be educated. 

22 




o *^ 

§1 

M CTJ 



23 




B 






24 



Far away in the Chilhowee Mountains of Tennessee, where the sheriff 
advised me to fill my saddle-bags with rocks and pretend that I was a 
prospector looking for mines, the old moonshiner of the "cove" stood by 
the corner of his cabin holding the bridle of his old plough-horse in one 
hand, and his long-barreled rifle in the other. (See page 23.) He told 
me that the revenue officers had recently come to the cove, broken up 
his neighbor's still, and burnt his cabin and hog-meat. He said that 
while he had given up making "moonshine" himself, and no longer 
believed in it, he did not think it was a very nice way for the "revenues" 
to treat his neighbor; "for God knows," said he, "he is poor enough 
without having everything he owns burnt up." I spent seven months 
on this kind of field work, getting such results as the above extracts. 
At the end of this period I returned to Washington. 

I was, however, instructed to make a more scientific investigation. 
I submitted a plan for making a house to house canvass in certain dis- 
tricts and recording upon printed schedules the exact conditions under 
which the people lived, with their earnings, crops, food consumed, 
physical, moral, and social condition, and their total income and expendi- 
ture. I was instructed to put this plan into operation. I carried on 
my investigations in fourteen counties of three states and was preparing 
to carry the work into Georgia and Alabama, when I was called off the 
job. However, I had succeeded in carrying on the work in detail in 
twenty-one townships and forty-five districts, scattered over a large area 
of mountain territory. 

I obtained nearly nine hundred schedules of families on the farms, 
each schedule containing an answer to more than one hundred inquiries, 
with the age, conjugal condition, occupation, earnings, physical con- 
dition, literacy, and schooling of every member of the family. ^ As a 
total result, I had recorded on these schedules the living conditions of 
fully 5,000 individuals. 

In addition to this detailed work, showing just how the families live 
on the so-called farms, 1 obtained for each district the last school report 
(when there was one to be had), a specific report on the educational 
facilities, a description of the territory or topography of the land,_ and 
a general summary showing the industrial, social, moral, and sanitary 
conditions of the locality, and its resources. 

Where the Blue Ridge Mountains swing down into South Carolina, 
there is a locality known as the Dark Corner. It is the Dark Corner 
because its deeds of evil and lawlessness have been known throughout 
the state for generations. It is in the upper edge of the state, bordering 
North Carolina, not very far from the Georgia line, just under and 
partially in the Saluda Mountains, the name given to that part of the 
Blue Ridge. Two immense mountain-spurs of almost solid rock, known 
respectively as the Hogback and the Hog's Head,_shut the country in 
on the north and east; and on the south, high, precipitous rocks descend 
from a small, irregular plateau, which forms the principal cove of the 
Dark Corner. On the west the irregular folds of the Glassy Mountain 
roll upward and crumple with the mother rarige, so that the Dark Corner 
is naturally a country unto itself. Ever since man can remember, it 
has been the domain of the moonshiner and outlaw, and many are the 
blood-curdling tales told in both states of its illicit distilling, raids by 
revenue officers, battles fought, robbery, bloodshed, and wanton murder. 

Into this Dark Corner I went to study the conditions there. In the 
hollows, up the creeks, and over the mountain ridges are the little cabins, 

25 



abandoned now, which once held the whiskey-makers and the whiskey 
drinkers, with their families of besotted children. 

Upon leaving the Dark Corner I rode around mountains and down 
by the winding trail, through gullies and past high cliffs with mountain 
torrents roaring in my ears, as darkness closed in upon me. In the 
bottom of a deep gorge, at last, I could discern the dim light, bright in 
the intense darkness, of a cabin in which I might stop for the night. 

The light was so far below me that it seemed as though I could toss 
a stone down upon it, but by winding back and forth along the moun- 
tain-side I soon reached the bottom of the gorge and rode up to it. I 
could see the white whiskers of a man by the blazing fire in the fireplace, 
and hear him as he talked in a deep voice. Leaning over my saddle I 
called out the customary salute of *'Howdy!" 

The old man jumped up from his seat by the fireplace and shouted 
back as he came toward the door: 

"'Light, stranger; 'light!" 

As he came out, I asked him if he could put me up for the night, and 
his answer was: 

"If you can put up with our fare." 

That was all there was to it. One of the boys took my horse, and I 
was given a seat by the fire while the old man's wife insisted upon pre- 
paring me some supper. I watched her as she, with a clay-pipe in her 
mouth, sliced off the fat pork held against her breast, and her daughter 
swabbed out the frying-pan with a greasy rag. Biscuits were made 
and baked in the same frying-pan in which the pork was fried and the 
table was swabbed off with the same greasy rag that had been used for 
the frying-pan; I ate the biscuit and pork by the light of a kerosene 
lamp which smoked all over the place because it had no chimney. Yet 
I ascertained that this man owned four hundred acres of land (see p. 24) 
and made a thousand bushels of corn, the average crop of my North 
Carolina cove-dwellers being only forty or fifty bushels. This man had 
plenty of money besides, and several tenants on his land. 

He gave me his bed to sleep in while he and his wife and daughter 
slept in the "lean-to," his two sons occupying the other bed in the cabin. 

Our breakfast consisted of sodden biscuits, fat pork, boiled rice, and 
coffee. 

I merely mention these living conditions to show what isolation does 
in some cases where the mountaineer has ample land, is eminently 
respectable, works hard, and makes enough to support himself and 
family. 

It is not with any desire to criticize the poor people of the mountains 
that I write. My criticism of conditions does not apply to those localities 
where there are good farms and lands capable of development, and 
where there is a sturdy farming class of citizens, as true and worthy 
a people as are to be found anywhere. But the cove-dwellers are 
living in a really desolate country. — The World's Work. 

Our Boys and Girls — Does it Pay 
to Save Them ? 

We are allowing countless cheap moving picture shows 
to inflame the minds of our boys and girls with scenes of 

26 



abnormal life, unfitting them for the sane domestic rela- 
tions in future that must ever be at the foundation of 
stable social conditions. 

We are glad to say that this condition does not prevail 
in the mountain section where the Golden Industrial 
Institute is located. 

Our Institute is not a reform school, but established on 
the foundation principle that it is better to form character 
than to reform character. 

And the students have something higher and nobler to 
claim their attention while getting a thorough, practical 
education and character building. 

Just think of it! One Hundred Dollars pays for board, 
room, tuition, heat, light, laundry; in fact all expenses but 
books and clothing for the full school year of nine months, 
including the grades, a high school course, and fitted for 
college. 

We expect our students to work two hours a day. The 
boys on the farm getting a practical knowledge of Agri- 
culture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Poultry Rais- 
ing, Gardening, etc., while the girls in the Domestic 
Science Department learning how to cook a good, whole- 
some, palatable meal, cut and make any ordinary garment 
and to keep a house clean and sanitary. 

A literary education alone, however important and 
helpful, does not fully prepare our boys and girls for earn- 
ing a living. In other words to become useful and produc- 
tive citizens. Our modern educators are only beginning 
to waken up to the tremendous fact that the boy as a 
national resource, is as valuable and important as a coal 
mine, a river or a forest full of trees, also that the girl is 
just as valuable. When hundreds of thousands of boys 
are pushed out into the world without a knowledge of 
anything useful worth doing, so that they must become 
unskilled laborers; that's a more fearful waste than letting 
the forests burn down, or letting the coal mines lie unused. 

To let the people of the United States know just how 
valuable a natural resource a boy is and to impress upon 
them the crime of letting hundreds of thousands of boys 
go to waste annually is the purpose of the National Society 
for the Promotion of Industrial Education. 



27 



WHAT A BOY COSTS. 

Thousands of boys are being wasted annually through the faulty 
system of education that sends them out into the world at 14, unequipped 
to take up skilled work, declares James P. Munroe, of Boston, President 
of the National Society. 

"The money loss resulting from this waste runs into many millions, 
if we consider that it is roughly calculated that the amount society 
spends on the education of a boy up to the time he is 14 years old is 
34,000." 

"This money is wasted when, at 14, a boy faces the world, unskilled 
of hand, ready to enter some unproductive occupation. There are 
thousands of bright boys in America, who should be among our best 
natural resources, who never get a chance. 

"We have long labored under the delusion that our educational 
system was the best ever. It's about time we were waking up, in fact, 
we are waking up. 

SKILL IS NEGLECTED. 

"Our educational system has been directed almost toward the mak- 
ing of clerks instead of toward the making of skilled artisans. Our 
system has been controlled largely by the colleges, for our high school 
courses have been framed to meet college entrance requirements, while 
our grammar school courses have been bent toward the same end. And 
yet a very small percentage of our boys ever get to college. ^ 

"Our national increase in capital from natural resources is five billion 
dollars annually. A large part of this must go to waste unless we pro- 
duce skilled men through whom we can utilize these resources. 

CAN CHECK POVERTY. 

"Our population is increasing at enormous strides. Our productive 
capacity must increase proportionately. We cannot afford to let our 
school continue to send forth unskilled laborers. Poverty will increase 
unless we take big steps toward establishing industrial education. _ 

"Germany was one of the poorest countries until it established indus- 
trial education. 

"I would have our industrial education begin in the lowest grade. 
Teach the boy manual dexterity from the beginning. At 14 place him 
in a trade school until he is 16 years old. These two most vital years 
of a boy's life are now wasted in thousands of cases." 



"I should define culture," says Dr. P. P. Claxton, the United States 
commissioner of education, "not as the routine study of the so-called 
classics, but as the logical development of a child's natural tendencies 
and aptitudes." 



28 




OUR COTTAGE AT GOLDEN INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE. 



pt^ 

te^ 


PPF^ 


M 


^^^Mpf 




^18 


! 


li 


^J 


p 



GOLDEN POST OFFICE AND STORE. 

In 1899 the postmaster received 318-65 for services. In 
1912 he received 3101.42. It Is a money order, and regis- 
ter office with three deputy postmasters. All they get 
Is the cancelled mall they send out. One man was post- 
master 11 years consecutively and In all that time no 
government Inspector ever discovered anything wrong In 
the conduct of the office. About 65 families receive 
their mail here. 

29 




30 



A VISIT TO THE GOLDEN INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE 

GOLDEN, NORTH CAROLINA 

In October 1912, I had the pleasure of being a guest in the Golden 
Industrial Institute located at Golden, N. C. 

With me was Mrs. T. Adelaide Goodno of Raleigh, N. C, State 
President, W. C. T. U., also Mrs. Elizabeth Stevick, Vice-President, 
and Mrs. G. A. Strickland, State Supt. of Prison Work, North Carolina 
W. C. T. U. 

At Golden in the midst of mountain peaks of the beautiful Appalach- 
ian Range, it is not hard to say with Browning, God's in His Heaven, 
all's right with the world," for one in the grandeur of these mountains 
— "God's tho'ts piled high" — can but turn from "nature to nature's 
God." 

The location of the school property is beautiful and the managers 
contemplate purchasing some adjoining land, looking to the enlarging of 
the school facilities on industrial lines; also, the founding of a Summer 
Assembly Grounds for conventions of Christian workers each July, to 
be followed In August by a Campmeetlng. 

It is a dull soul that is not enthused as the possibilities and needs of 
this section are realized. 

Great open doors are there, great possibilities waiting for the "Here 
am I, use me," of those who will hear and heed God's call, as it comes 
ringing from these mountains. Surely, the need is God's call. The 
school is doing a great work, filling and meeting the needs of the hour as 
best It can with its limited means. 

The richest, most promising material of the Nation Is found In this 
mountain section, magnificent possibilities, dormant in large measure, 
because the door of opportunity is not open to them. 

Money Is needed, the work is handicapped for lack of It. Brother 
L. U. Snead is pouring out his life in rich measure, working, pleading 
with voice and pen, "Come up and help us;" untiring, tho' more than 
three score and ten years of age. 

His heart burning with love for the Master in His service for Him 
in these lone mountains. 

Let us hold up his hands, women of the W. C. T. U. — sisters banded 
in club-life studying for the betterment of the day in which we live. 

Write Brother Snead: send him an offering; enrich your center 
table with a copy of his "Bible Students' Cyclopaedia," published 
solely in the Interest of this school (see pages 82 and 83). 

Help him to carry out his plans for helping hundreds who cannot 
now be helped. It will be a rich investment for us, my sisters, who 
live for God and Home and Country. 

The brightest audiences, quick, responsive, delightful, I found at 
Golden. They gather there for miles around, appreciative, eager for 
what you and I may help to bring to them. Let us rally now to the 
help of the Lord by making possible the practical, needed work for this 
school and community. 

If thou art blest, 

Then let the sunshine of thy gladness rest 
On the dark edge of some cloud that lies 
Black in thy brother, thy sister's skies. 

Mrs. Lila Owen Stratton, Lebanon, Tenn. 
Natio7ial Lecturer and Organizer, W. C. T. U. 

31 



Walking to Congress 

SAMUEL H. THOMPSON. 

The author is well-known in Tennessee. He is at present Superintendent 
of Public Instruction for the State of Tennessee, and is perhaps as well 
versed in the history of his state as any man. This true story will prove 
an inspiration to our youih. 

It was a little house and the rough split boards of the 
roof were held on by old logs and rocks while the floor was 
made of puncheon — the halves of split logs held in place 
by wooden pins in bored holes. The spaces between the 
rough logs forming the walls were filled by small stones, 
red clay, and gravel. From the rafters inside — for there 
was no ceiling to this crude house of a home — hung bits of 
dried venison, smoked bacon, basket timber, seasoned 
hickory for ax handles, an old fishing pole made of slender 
pine in its natural growth — no knife had touched it except 
to take the peel off — two or three half-finished baskets, 
splits for chairs, some garden seed, a paper sack of sage 
leaves, and a rag bag of old clothes. Over the rude door — 
there was only one door — reposing safely in its rack made 
of natural forks cut from the sourwood — a tree of small 
growth well known in the Southern Appalachians — was 
the old-fashioned, muzzle-loading, family rifle more than 
six feet long from end of muzzle to hollow of stock and 
with which its owner could pick a squirrel from the highest 
tree, kill a Virginia red deer on the run, or pierce the vital 
spots of a bear at long range. Long years of practice 
backed up by generations of forebears who were moun- 
taineers had given this man the peculiar and unerring skill 
of the men of the mountains. William B. Campbell, 
John Sevier, Isaac Shelby, and Colonel Cleveland knew 
what they were about when they selected riflemen from 
this mountain region to fight the battle of King's Moun- 
tain, October 7, 1780. They were men who could shoot 
straight, reload quickly, and fire all day without getting 
tired or losing nerve. And when Samuel Doak, founder 
of the first institution of learning in the Mississippi Valley 
offered prayer for these mountain men at Sycamore Shoals 
on their way to fight this battle which was to be the 
turning point for the friends of liberty in the Revolutionary 
War, he knew he was praying for men who could back up 
his prayers with deeds of valor, because the red blood in 

32 




33 




34 



their veins was from ancestors whose Hfeblood had made 
wet many another battlefield in the cause of freedom. 

On the blackened and unpapered and unceiled walls of 
this log cabin were pasted a few old, old pictures such as 
"The Mill," "Lincoln and His Cabinet," "Washington 
on Horseback," "The Four Seasons," and others of a 
similar nature. But they were dark and soiled and almost 
beyond recognition. Doubtless they had been gathered 
from some sale of old property in a well-to-do farming 
community or had been presented with the compliments of 
the country merchant far away. But they showed a 
little love for the higher and more refined things of life 
and were better there than not. In this one room the 
family of several slept, cooked, and ate. The absence of 
half a log in one side of the house served for extra light. 
At nights and in stormy weather it was closed by a rough 
board hung on hinges made of leather taken from pieces 
of worn-out boots. The fireplace at which the family 
warmed themselves and before which their meals were 
cooked was full five feet wide and almost as deep. The 
"arch" was made by a huge oak piece, the trunk of quite 
a large tree. As far as the "hips," just above the fire- 
place, the chimney was of sandstone found in abundance 
in these mountains. The rest of the way it was of small 
spHt sticks and mud known locally as "stick and mud" 
chimney. The big hearth was of two large flat lime-stone 
rocks, of which the little valley, watered by a trickling 
stream, was well suppHed. An old-time "four poster" 
served as the sleeping place for the father, mother, and 
smaller children, while the larger children slept in the 
"trundle bed," kept securely hidden during the day pushed 
back under the other bed. Three or four chairs, a long 
bench, a table for dining, and a smaller table known as 
the "cook table" made up the articles of furniture in this 
home. The exterior of the house was about what you 
would expect from the description of the interior. A 
stranger who knew not the ways of the mountaineers 
would not count it at least more than a small stable where 
sheep or cattle might be housed in safety if the weather 
were not too rough. But a dwelling place for folks who 
are to take part in the affairs of the nation and whose 
ancestry have helped save the day on well-known battle- 
fields — never. 

35 



A few acres of cleared land about the house cultivated 
by the father, mother, and all the children, helped to give 
them a living, for they didn't need much. The rocks 
were far more plentiful than the stalks of corn and beans 
and even more abundant than the potatoes and onions 
that grew in the thin soil. But somehow they managed 
to live. This was not many years following the close of 
the Civil War and everyone lived on little. The country 
in which this home was located lies far up in the mountains 
and at that time was miles from any railroad or other 
public carrier. It had no schools to speak of, but few 
churches, and practically no roads. In the census of 1900 
it was the third most iUiterate county of native white 
voters in the United States. But in the Civil War and in 
the httle unpleasantness of one hundred days with Spain it 
furnished its full quota of volunteers for the government 
army and would again tomorrow if called upon. 

One of these mountain states. West Virginia by name, 
has for her motto, ^^Montani semper liheri,''^ which being 
freely translated reads, "Mountaineers are always free- 
men." And so the people of this little mountain county 
feel. Surrender to a strange power they might do, but 
accept conditions of tyranny — never. The oncoming 
civilization may change their conditions, make them live 
in painted houses, wear store clothes, eat "breakfast 
food," and put on a high collar with square corners, but it 
v/ill never change their patriotism and belief in the old- 
fashioned religion of ultra Protestantism. 

The humble home of which I write was located at the 
head of a cove quite a ways up the mountain side near a 
great spring whose water nourished the ten-acre lot in the 
midst of which was the house. The clearing was practi- 
cally the last vestige of civilization as you went from the 
little county seat not more than a village across the Alle- 
gheny Mountains into North Carolina. In this part of 
Tennessee, for it is of that state this is written, there were 
many travelers from the low country out along the rivers 
of the valley who came this way either to purchase a calf 
or two from the mountaineers or to take the old Indian 
trail leading into the neighboring state whither they were 
going for the same purpose. Now and then being unex- 
pectedly overtaken by the shades of night or a severe 
mountain storm the weary traveler would seek rest for 

36 



himself and tired horse within the hospitable walls of some 
mountaineer's lonely hut, for the mountain man is ever 
ready to share his scanty fare with friend and foe alike, if 
only he be an hungered. Late one afternoon in early 
spring a cattle buyer, seeing an impending storm, drew 
rein before the lonely chalet of which I write and sought 
shelter both from the coming storm and the fast falling 
night. There was nothing unusual about the stranger to 
distinguish him from others of his kind. His lazy, swing- 
ing stride, careless wearing of the clothing, wide hat, and 
unkempt beard and hair at once betokened his free life so 
far as conventionalities go. But withal there was keen 
native intelligence in his look. His horse was good for that 
country, and his saddle was of the Texas style just then 
coming into use in that section. The comforts he sought 
were not denied and soon after partaking of their frugal 
meal the entire family gathered about the large open 
hearth to hear v/hat news the stranger might bring from 
other settlements and also from the county seat some 
miles away, where, as a horse and cattle dealer, he went 
on "First Mondays" to ply his business. While the 
storm raged without in midnight darkness, bending huge 
trees in its fierce path, and while the rain fell in torrents 
upon the "board-and-rock-pole" roof the visitor gave the 
news as he had gathered it in many days of travel. After 
telling all the local and general news, and being quite 
loquacious as you often find these traders, he proceeded to 
expostulate upon success in life in general. You know 
there are some people who have never achieved any great 
success, but who can tell you how it ought to be done. 
It happened that our friend, the trader, belonged to this 
class. In the course of his remarks he talked at length 
on what a "leetle larnin' in books mout do fer a feller,'* 
telling how some fellow whom he had seen went to school 
and was afterward given a fine position in a store; how 
another had been made president of a college; how another 
had become a great preacher "up in York State;" and 
how still another had studied surgery, and how he had 
seen him in " 'bout a minute saw off er man's leg what 
had been crushed in er saw mill." This sage of the moun- 
tains would wind up his philosophical remarks by saying: 
"If I wuz a youngster I'd go to skule. It's kind uv quare 
what a leetle eddication'll du fer ye. Hit seems to be 

37 



just like spring rain on late planted corn — fetch hit all out 
ter onct." And with this wise remark he shifted his chew 
of tobacco to the other side of his mouth and spat in the 
dying embers. 

THE AWAKENING. 

This Httle incident is told just to tell the story of one 
boy and he lived in this humble mountain home and his 
name was John — that is his name yet. He was the oldest 
of the family. His mass of thickly matted black hair 
overhanging keen black eyes did not tell a story any differ- 
ent from that of other boys or from other members of the 
family. In his eighteenth year, he had hardly been out 
of his own "deestrict," but remembered one journey to 
the county seat fifteen miles away. For schooling he 
had read the "blue backed" speller and could spell nearly 
all of its words, knowing many columns by heart from 
"baker" to "incomprehensibihty." He had learned this 
by the light of the pine torch at night as much as from 
the poorly equipped school which he attended two or 
three months in the year. But he had that much learning, 
anyway. His knowledge of things was very limited. 
How could it be otherwise? His chief asset lay in the 
good health and spirit of free independence from breathing 
the pure air of the mountains more than two thousand 
feet above the level of the sea. He looked with awe 
upon a stranger and almost trembled with timidity at 
the thought of meeting and having to speak to someone 
he had never seen. Even while this stranger had been 
talking to the father the boy lay almost hidden by the 
pots and other vessels for cooking placed away in the 
corner. Nevertheless, the words of the stranger had 
made a deep impression on his strong but undeveloped 
mind and long after the guest had taken his departure, 
for he went with the breaking of the storm, the boy 
lay in his crude bed, but little better than a pile of oak 
leaves, and thought and thought and thought. Little 
by little it came to his untutored mind that he too might 
go to school and become educated. What a long step 
it was in the civilization of the race when the common 
man rose up in his strength and majesty and said: "I, 
too, will go to school; I, too, will become educated." 
Great it was because the vast majority of the human race 
are common people anyway. 

38 



The next day as the boy and his father and the other 
members of the family went about their spring work he 
could not forget what the stranger had said. Somehow 
the words kept ringing in his ears and he thought of the 
familiar simile used by the stranger and wondered if his 
life could be "fetched out" any. The birds sang in the 
trees, the squirrels in the near-by forest snapped the 
unfolding buds, and the boy thought more and more. 
At last he took courage to mention it to his father. What 
a load lifted from his heart as he thus spoke and saw that 
his father was pleased. 

But how was he to go to school.? His father had no 
money. The little plot of land yielded hardly a living. 
Nothing had been saved all these years against "a rainy 
day.'' Only the most meager living had been had from 
the tilHng of the little farm and that had to be supple- 
mented by game from the father's trusty rifle. Then, 
where was a school, anyway, and how would he get there.? 
It was thirty miles to a railway and he had never seen a 
train, beside if there were a dozen railroads by his home 
he couldn't go without money. His father, slow of 
thought as he was, began to hope and plan a little for the 
boy, too. It stirred his pride to think that a son of his 
should be concerned enough to plan to go to school, and 
that, too, when he had nothing with which to plan. As 
the summer days came and went the boy and the father 
had a growing desire for the school and what it might do. 
There was the yearling calf which had been meant to pur- 
chase winter shoes and other clothing for the family, and 
which they had refused to sell to the trader for that very 
reason. But now it was decided that he should go to help 
John. He would probably not bring more than ^10 and 
the folks could get shoes and clothing some way, however 
difficult it might be. But when should he go and how 
should he get there.? After much pondering it was decided 
that he ought to go to one of the Eastern colleges. How 
did he learn about it.? He had heard his teacher tell 
about old man Johnson's son Henry, who had gone there 
and became great in mathematics — so great that he made 
his way by coaching the sons of the wealthy and getting 
them ready for their final examinations. Neither John 
nor his father knew about the entrance requirements or 
anything of that sort. 

39 



LAUNCHED OUT. 

So one day in the early fall when the fodder was in the 
shock on the ten-acre lot, the potatoes had been put away, 
and only the pumpkins and beans and nuts remained to 
be garnered, John, with his steer money of ten big dollars 
in his pocket, left the little home far up in the mountains 
and with his worldly possessions done up in an old carpet 
bag, the gift of a friend of the family, he set out to walk 
the thirty miles to the nearest railway town. It was a 
bright autumnal morning. The chestnuts and hickory 
nuts were just beginning to shed their luscious fruit. Now 
and then a squirrel on his way to his winter home with a 
nut in his paws would cross the path and John, too, would 
stop to gather a few nuts for his own use. But he trudged 
on and when noon came sat down by a friendly tree from 
under which flowed a cool spring to eat his lunch of simple 
food put up by his mother. Late in the afternoon he 
arrived at the station but little worse for his journey of 
thirty miles. It was not much of a walk for his supple 
young body and strong, wiry limbs. He had never seen 
a train, nor even the picture of one. His heart almost 
jumped from its place when he saw the little switch engine 
back up to shift some cars, and he wondered where he 
would ride. But the kind man In charge took him to 
the station agent and when he found where the boy 
wanted to go, looked with amazement at his coarse shoes, 
homespun "jeans," and cheap hat, and wondered how 
he would look in a city. However, the agent knew little 
more about the distant city than did John, but when he 
told John that it took almost four times as much money 
as he had to get there, the boy said: "Well, gimme er 
ticket ez fer ez it'll go." At ten o'clock that night he 
boarded his first train and in about twenty-four hours 
left it. What thrilling sensations crept over him as the 
roar of the locomotive together with the thought of leaving 
home came to him. But he was going where he could 
be made to open up like the corn in the spring. He slept 
but little that first night and the second night his ticket 
had all been used. Fortunately his mother had given 
him ample rations and he yet had food. Fortunately 
again, he was put ofi" at a small country station in a fine 
farming country. Undismayed, he set out to walk the 
highway that led along the railroad. When he became 

40 



tired he crept into a convenient haystack, and with that 
and the friendly stars for covering, he slept the sleep of 
wearied youth until the bright morning sun awoke him 
just as the farmer and his hired men were going to harvest 
the corn. Many generations of mountain dwellers had 
made him unafraid in the dark, but he did shrink from 
strangers. However, the friendly farmer bade him go 
to the house for a warm breakfast and asked him to work 
a day or two. But these lengthened into weeks and when 
the farmer's busy work was over John had enough money 
to take him more than another day's journey which 
brought him to within less than one hundred and fifty 
miles of his destination. 

Still undaunted, he trudged the rest of the way, and 
made more than thirty miles a day, too. 

Arriving at the little city one bright noonday in late 
autumn, for the seasons are earlier there than in the 
Southern mountains, he inquired of a street man the way 
to the college. The citizen eyed the newcomer in a curi- 
ous sort of way. Well, he did look a little odd. In the 
five weeks since he left home he had had no change of top 
clothes. His brown "jeans" and cowhide shoes, home- 
made, were beginning to look the worse for the wear. He 
looked almost as unpromising as did Benjamin Franklin 
when he appeared in the streets of Philadelphia and met 
Deborah Reed more than one hundred years before. But 
he was just as courageous as was FrankHn. 

Finding his way into the college, he was soon shown 
how wholly unprepared he was for the work there. But 
the professor who gave him this information remembered 
that other students had come from these Southern moun- 
tains. In fact, he remembered Johnson. He did not 
look at the well-worn garments nor the mass of hair nor 
the rough, bony hands, but rather he saw the keenness of 
the boy's eyes and thought there might be a future to him. 
He then told him of the city public schools, and even if he 
had no money a way could be made. Soon a home was 
found for him with a wealthy merchant, with whom he 
had his Hving for the chores. In a comparatively brief 
time he finished the public school course, then the prepara- 
tory course, and was admitted to college. 

The rest of this story is simply history recorded in that 
college and the annals of the small city. Most biogra- 

41 



phers tell the later events of a man's life — those by which 
the world knows him — but I have chosen to tell the things 
leading up to what this man did. After the regular course 
he took law and settled down to practice in this college 
town. He was soon honored with positions of trust in 
the local affairs of the city. A little while ago in casting 
about for a candidate for congressman-at-large from the 
state of his adoption, the eyes of the leaders were turned 
toward this young man who had such a fine record in 
every way, and now in the Sixty-second Congress you 
would, if you knew where to look, find his name. He was 
also in a previous Congress. Last summer he visited his 
home county far up in the mountains. But he didn't 
have to walk. There are two railroads through this 
county now. Among its school teachers there is a larger 
percentage of college folks than in any county even of 
double its population in the state. Other men have gone 
out to help make this little mountain county famous, but 
none have done more than this man who virtually walked 
to Congress. Honored and ever and ever again honored is 
the self-helping man and the like-minded man who helps 
his kind and forgets not the land of his nativity. Such 
is a mountain man, pure and simple. Forget it not! 




PATRIOTISM TO OUR COUNTRY AND FLAG. 

Do many of our young Americans know what our flag stands for? 

The stripes signify the tie that binds us not only as states, but as 
individuals to our country. The stripes of white stand for purity and 
innocence. The stripes of red, defiance to cruelty and tyranny. 

It ought to make us brave and daring to stand against cruelty to 
animals, birds or human beings. 

The blue of our flag is the emblem of preseverance, vigilance and 
justice. 

Each star stands for the glory of the state it represents. So too, let 
each American girl and boy feel the responsiblity of standing for the 
glory of our national womanhood and manhood. 

42 



How One Boy Succeeded 

N. B. REMINE. 

Just now there is no man in Tennessee commanding 
a greater share of public attention than Samuel Houston 
Thompson, the new superintendent of public instruction 
in this state. His career appeals to ambitious youths all 
over the state. He affords a striking example of a young 
man who has risen from poverty and obscurity in an 
uninviting mountain environment, aside from the beauty 
and grandeur of the peaks that form a background to the 
rugged district in which his boyhood was spent. 

Unaided by anybody, but by the force of his native 
intellect, he struggled up through the bitter hardships and 
disappointments of a life that seemed barren of oppor- 
tunities, until today, at the age of thirty-seven years, he 
occupies the enviable position of being at the head of the 
educational department of his state. 

His present honorable position is due solely to his own 
efforts and to an ambition that was ill-content to linger 
in the valley of obscurity. He was not one of the sort who 
are ambitious to climb the pinnacles of fame solely from 
the viewpoint of show. On the other hand, the whole 
trend of his life, from the days when he aided his father 
and through the struggling years, when deprived of the 
protection of a father, he was the sole support of his 
mother and the younger children of the family, has shown 
an ambition to be useful rather than to seek the pomp 
of empty honor. 

His appointment by Governor Ben W. Hooper recently 
to be the head of the educational system of the state, 
came not as a political favor to anyone, but because the 
governor recognized in him a man of that splendid type 
that was needed to cope with the problem of education 
in Tennessee. 

In a dozen years of school work, beginning at the very 
bottom, young Thompson, by the force of his native 
ability and a well-poised judgment, brought himself to 
high rank as an educator. 

43 



This new figure in the educational world was born in 
Greene County, Tennessee, April 19, 1876. The district 
in which he was born was commonly known as the 
"Barrens," so called on account of the barren condition 
of the settlement and the poverty that prevailed among 
the residents of the community of cabin homes. 

Although born of excellent parentage, his forebears 
for two or three generations had never succeeded in getting 
out of the environs that limited their usefulness. How- 
ever, his mother's people were recognized as people of 
splendid native abihty. In the humble house where 
young Thompson was born, his grandfather had lived for 
sixty years. But, on account of his popularity, he was 
known over the entire county, and one time was elected 
sheriff of the county, following which term he served for 
many years as chairman of the county court. The son 
of this man, J. A. G'fellers, was elected to succeed the 
father as a member of the county court. 

"Grandfather" G'fellers was the legal adviser of many 
of the more prominent men of the county for a long term 
of years, and his magisterial decision in trials of different 
sorts invariably stood the test of the supreme court. He 
it was that built the log house in which Professor 
Thompson was born. He lived there for more than 
sixty years. He was sheriff of Greene County, chairman 
of the county court for several years, and represented 
his district as justice of the peace in the county court for 
thirty years. His father was also a member of the county 
court for a number of years, and when the grandfather 
died in 1895, his son, the professor's father, was elected 
to succeed him, and yet holds the office. He was the 
legal adviser of a great many people in Greene County, 
including lawyers and others. The present circuit judge 
says that Squire G'fellers could see a point of law through 
a brick wall. 

Professor Thompson's father, W. P. Thompson, was a 
brick mason. Young Thompson worked with his father 
on the little mountain farm of a few cleared acres, and 
often carried brick for his father when the latter built the 
rude chimneys of the neighborhood and those of the 
adjoining county. 

At the age of seventeen, he found himself without the 
further protecting care of a father, and at that age was 

44 




PROF. SAMUEL H. THOMPSON, SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC 
INSTRUCTION FOR THE STATE OF TENNESSEE. 




THE OLD LOG HOUSE WHERE PROFESSOR THOMPSON 
WAS BORN. 




THE OTHER END OF THE ROAD TENNESSEE STATE CAPITOL 

WHERE PROFESSOR THOMPSON IS NOW 

FOUND BUSY AT WORK. 



These cuts used in this article by permission of 

46 



Northwestern Christian Advocate. 



obliged to take upon his shoulders the responsibility of 
supporting his mother and five children younger than 
himself. This he did by self-denial, working almost day 
and night. At the same time he managed to attend the 
district school. Later he went to the Methodist school 
at Chuckey, three miles, walking this distance and return- 
ing each day. He attended this school for five years 
under the sam.e trying circumstances. He later attended 
Valparaiso University, in Indiana, graduating from that 
school with the degree of bachelor of arts, completing a 
four years' course in less than three years, and later 
receiving other degrees from the same institution. The 
only aid he ever received was in the way of cash loans 
secured through friends, his reputation for honesty and 
well-meaning being the only security he had to offer. 

After he had finished his schooling he served for eleven 
years as principal of Wesleyan Academy at Chuckey, 
near his native home, where he was so successful in this 
work as to command wide attention, and during the time 
received many flattering offers. The only position he 
ever held of a political nature prior to his present appoint- 
ment, was the position of supervisor of the federal census 
of 1910 for the first congressional district of Tennessee, 
this appointment having been made upon recommenda- 
tion of the late Congressman Walter Preston Brownlow. 
During his service as principal of Wesleyan Academy, he 
reorganized that school and put it upon a splendid finan- 
cial and methodical basis. He demonstrated his abiHty 
as a leader and organizer in this position, and his intel- 
lectual force dawned upon men of high authority in 
educational circles. 

He took an interest in public affairs from his boyhood, 
and before he became a voter was president of a poHtical 
club and making campaign speeches. He is a man of 
broad and liberal views although loyal and enthusiastic 
to an)^ cause in which he enlists. 

He assumed the state superintendency of public educa- 
tion with a clear and ringing statement, touching the 
needs of the system of public education and what he pro- 
posed to undertake with a view to making the system 
more effective and more comprehensive in its usefulness. 



47 



A TRUE STORY OF THE STRUGGLES 

AND TRIUMPHS OF A POOR MOUNTAIN BOY 

AS TOLD BY HIMSELF. 

B. H. VESTAL. 

I was born and raised in Yadkin County, N. C. My 
father was a whiskey maker, and drinker. And I was 
principally raised making and drinking whiskey. My 
father never sent me to school, and I was sixteen years 
old when I entered the church for the first time. My 
father was drinking and gave me a task to do one Saturday 
evening, and said if I got it done that I might go that 
night to a closing of a school that was held in a church. 
So I got the task done and went for the first time to 
church. Mind you I was sixteen years old, and had never 
heard a prayer prayed, had never been to Sunday School 
or preaching. No one ever came to our home to pray. 
No preacher ever visited us. My next time to church 
was when I was ninteen years old. A good Quaker man 
persuaded me to come and live with him as I had left 
home, and was in the town drinking and retailing whiskey. 
I did so and on the Sunday following I went with him to 
Sunday School for my first time. I remember well how 
I was dressed. I went barefooted, and wore a coat that 
the good man gave me; it was one of his and the sleeves 
were too long, but I rolled them under and went on. My 
hat was a little 10 cent rush hat. Now for the first time 
in my life, I entered Sunday School, and for the first time, 
I heard the Bible read and the Superintendent prayed. 
This was my first prayer to hear. Then the teachers 
took their classes and I was invited into a class. I did 
not know one letter from another, and when I saw and 
heard the little boys and girls reading, it made me crave 
to read, too. I took my little hat and started to the 
woods. I sat down on a log, and for the first time, I 
talked to God, and He to me; and He promised me that I 
should live to read and to preach. It was then and there 
I bowed down, and asked God to help me to be a better 
boy. I yet had never heard a sermon preached and I 
didn't know how to find God, but I did the best I knew 
how. I remained with this good man and his family 
about twelve months. He had a good wife and two 
children. They took great interest in me and taught me 
to spell and read some. That mother is in Heaven now, 

48 



and by the grace of God I expect to meet her some day. 
In the following fall, there was a revival meeting in the 
church where I first went to Sunday School, and for the 
first time I heard the preachers preach, and one night 
when Sister Annie Edgeton, a good Quakeress, was preach- 
ing God told me to go to the altar and I went and repented 
of my sins and God forgave me. Now if I had space I 
would like to tell you more, but we now come to the 
present time. God kept talking to me about preaching 
until I surrendered and about 18 months ago in 1911, I 
entered the Bible School at Greensboro to prepare myself 
for this work. Now I had never been to school but 
30 days before this. I have been going to school in the 
winter and preaching through the summer. Since I 
entered this work I've had the privilege of carrying the 
gospel in our homeland to many people who did not 
attend church, and some seven hundred have been saved. 
I am^ glad to beable to say that I know this brother who is filled with 
the Spirit of Christ, which makes a man strictly faithful, honest and 
upright. 

^ His life of struggles and victories is but the story of many boys and 
girls born in the Southern Appalachian Mountians, and who are now 
giants for God, blazing the way so that many of the neglected poor 
may find Jesus, get an education and in turn help to make this world 
happier, and leave it better than when they found it. — Author. 

WHAT AMERICANS SPEND ANNUALLY. 

What an appalling picture in our own America, when we have over 
five apd a half millions of people over ten years of age who cannot read 
or write, and millions unsaved. 

In the Southern Appalachian region there are many thousands of 
white people over ten years of age who cannot read or write, and mul- 
titudes of them unsaved, and yet they are at our very door, as it were. 

Reader, what are you doing to help dispel the darkness and to send 
the light of truth and education to your neighbors of the mountains; 
this great needy field so ripe unto the harvest. 

\yhen we see what is spent for worldy gratification, and much of it 
perish with the using, the whole situation is summed up in one word, 
selfishness. 

For so few are willing to contribute sufficiently of their means to 
support our Mission and Industrial schools and the Missionaries who 
are willing to give their time and strength to the uplifting of the moun- 
tain people. Read the following chart carefully. 

Dr. Charles W. Eliot, the former head of Harvard university, is at 
the head of the Federation of Purity, which is composed of physicians 
and philanthropists. Investigators of the federation have collected data 
showing that the traffic in immorality costs the people of this country 
33,000,000,000 yearly in money and is the cause of maintaining innum- 
erable hospitals and insane asylums. 

49 



Here is the chart prepared by the federation: 

HOW AMERICANS SPEND THEIR MONEY 

Immorality and the social diseases (estimated) $3,000,000,000 

Intoxicating liquors 2,700,000,000 

Tobacco 1,200,000,000 

Jewelry and plate 800,000,000 

Automobiles 500,000,000 

Church work at home 250,000,000 

Confectionery 200,000,000 

Soft drinks 120,000,000 

Tea and coffee 100,000,000 

Millinery 90,000,000 

Patent medicines 80,000,000 

Chewing gum 13,000,000 

Foreign missions 12,000,000 

DONT'S FOR GIRLS. 

The Y. W. C. A. of New York has under consideration the posting 
in every railroad station and street car the following warnings to young 
women. It is hoped that in this way they may prevent the work of 
white slave traders: 

"Girls should never speak to strangers, either men or women, in the 
street, in shops, in stations, in trains, in lonely country roads, or in 
places of amusement. 

"Girls should never ask the way of any but officials on duty, such as 
policemen, railway officials, or postmen. 

"Girls should never stay to help a woman who apparently faints at 
their feet in the street, but should immediately call a policeman to 
their aid. 

"Girls should never accept an invitation to join a Sunday School or 
Bible class given to them by strangers, even if the strangers are wearing 
the dress of sisters or nuns, or are in clerical attire. 

"Girls should never go with a stranger, even if the stranger is dressed 
as a hospital nurse, or believe stories of their relatives having suffered 
accident or having been taken ill suddenly, as this is a common device 
to kidnap girls. 

"Girls should never accept candy, food, a glass of water, or smell 
flowers offered to them by strangers. Neither should they buy scents 
or food or candy at their doors. Any of those things may contain drugs. 

"Girls should never go to an address given to them by a stranger. 

"Girls should never take situations without first making inquiries 
through a society active or affiliated in travelers' aid work. 

"Girls should never go to any large town, even for one night, without 
knowing of a safe lodging." 

The police records show that 50,000 beautiful girls are sacrificed every 
year, and go to a nameless grave, and there must be others to fill their 
places. A national worker says: "I have labored with and heard the 
story of the downfall of many hundreds of these poor, unfortunate girls, 
and I am safe in saying that nearly half of them have come from Chris- 
tian homes and Sunday Schools. Mother, watch your girl. She is not 
safe. Let us as true watchmen on the wall, put up the danger signals, 
sound a note of warning, and above everything else preach the gospel 
of full salvation to a perishing world." 

50 



A WOMAN'S HEART. 

Do you know you have asked for the costliest thing ever made by the 

hand above — 
A woman's heart, and a woman's life, and a woman's wonderful love? 
Do you know you have asked for this priceless thing as a child might 

ask for a toy? 
Demanding what others have died to win with the reckless dash of a 

boy? 

You have written my lesson of duty out; man-like you have questioned 

me; 
Now stand at the bar of my woman's soul until I shall question thee. 
You require that your mutton shall always be hot; your socks and your 

shirts be whole; 
I require that your heart be as true as God's stars, and as pure as heaven 

your soul. 

You require a cook for your mutton and beef; I ask a far greater thing; 
A seamstress you're wanting for socks and shirts; I look for a man and 

a king! 
A king for the beautiful realm called "Home," and a man that the 

Maker God 
Shall look upon as He did the first, and say, "It is very good." 

I am fair and young, but the rose will fade from my soft young cheek 

one day; 
Will you love me then, 'mid the falling leaves, as you did 'mid the 

bloom of May? 
Is your heart an ocean so strong and deep I may launch my all in its 

tide? 
A loving woman finds heaven or hell on the day she becomes a bride. 

I require all things that are grand and true, all things that a man should 

be; 
If you give all this I will stake my life to be all you demand of me; 
If you cannot be this, a seamstress and a cook you can hire, and little 

to pay, 
But a woman's heart and a woman's life are not to be won in this way. 

— Anonymous. 

Sidney Lanier has put the subject well. 

*^If men loved larger, larger were our lives; 
And wooed they nobler, won they nobler wives." 

51 



The Decline of the Race Arrested 

The decline of the race is being arrested. Homes are being evolved 
where there was little worthy of that name. The larger hope is to edu- 
cate the children, and most of them right in the section where they are, 
for they have no means to go elsewhere; and unless the opportunity of an 
education is carried to them they will be deprived of it: this strikes down 
to the depths of human nature in Missionary life. 

Our Missionaries and Educators of the Mountains are living face to 
face with great and vital problems, religious and educational, unparalleled 
in America; and they are looking and praying for thousands of Chris- 
tians, when more light has come to them of this vastly needy field, to 
help solve these problems by furnishing the means to carry forward 
the work. 

Thousands must be educated soon, if ever, for they are passing the 
limit in years when an education is obtainable. Whose will be the fault 
if the conditions remain the same.-* From this standpoint alone it 
behooves those who have had educational and Christian advantages to 
show a zeal and helpful friendship in the use of their wealth in aiding 
the middle and lower classes to catch up in the race of life. To help 
these Mountain people is based on a higher principle than self-preserva- 
tion. It is laid upon the eternal principle of the debt due from the 
strong to the weak. It recognizes the brotherhood of the human race. 
The greater the brother's need the stronger the appeal for help. Then 
how strong is the appeal of the thousands of the mountains' poor and 
illiterate population that the door of opportunity may be unlocked 
to them. 

The schools already established for the mountain boys and girls are 
doing a great work towards their enlightenment and uplifting, but they 
are badly handicapped for lack of means, and hundreds of students are 
turned away, denied the advantages, because there is no shelter for them 
or means to help support them. Think, if you can, what a blessing is 
denied them. 

The latent talent, in reserve in the mountain coves, once developed 
will be among the brain powers of the nation. What can be done.'' Who 
is to do it-f* What a source of strength to State and Nation it would 
prove if all the children of the Mountains had the opportunities of a 
Christian education! 

Strong men and women, thoroughly trained leaders, would be sent 
out into every department of activity for the development of the moun- 
tain resources. A new era would be ushered in. The scientific applica- 
tion of the principles of agriculture would quadruple the yield of the 
soil in a brief time and thus add millions to the wealth of our country. 
These thousands of children, denied their God-given right of education, 
would revolutionize the whole Appalachian Range now so largely held 
in the grip and darkness of illiteracy. 

Setting aside the more humane God-given right of these people, let 
us turn and view the enormity of the loss to the Republic, simply in 
cold blood from a dollar and cent standpoint. At a small money value 
of five hundred dollars for each life needlessly sacrificed to illiteracy 
every year it means an economic loss of millions. Where are the men 
and women who will volunteer to help on this great work.'' 

Many have wrought most magnificently for the up-building of Moun- 
tain schools and Mission work; but the needs are so great and means 

52 




A LITTLE MILL IN WhSlLRN, \. C.,\VHERE TWENTY-FIVE TO 
THIRTY FAMILIES HAVE THEIR CORN GROUND. 



THE 



WOMAN YOU SEE IN THE PICTURE IS THE MILLER. THE LITTLE 
GIRL WITH A SACK OF MEAL, STARTING FOR HOME. 



53 




ox AND SLED. 
Owned by one of the oldest women on the mountains, within a radius 
of several miles of our school. Ninety-six years old January 19, 1914, 
yet she often walks ten and twelve miles a day. 




Picture of herself and 
cabin, where she has 
lived for nearly forty 
years. 



" It is a little corner — 

My cabin on the sod — 
But all the fairies play 
there 
And I can talk with 
God. " 



HERSELF AND CABIN. 
The above pictures copyrighted by "Karlow Art Shop." 

54 



so limited, that thousands are still living in the most wretched of hovels 
and without opportunity of bettering their condition. 

Dear reader, we pray that you may somehow get a vision and enlarge- 
ment of heart service. Here is where we are weak in vision and service. 
Are our Mountain schools and Missions successful.? Yes, amazingly so, 
but inadequately supported, wretchedly re-enforced, poorly sustained. 
The lack of faith, devotion, enthusiasm and sacrifice has been mostly 
a lack of vision on the part of the outside world. May the Lord give 
all our readers a vision of this needy field. 



Are you willing with Jesus to live a yielded life.'' 

Are you willing with Jesus to live a Spirit-filled life.'' 

Are you v/illing with Jesus to live a poured-out life.'' 

Are you willing with Jesus to live a glorified life? 

This royal privilege of being like Jesus in nature and character comes 
within the range of human possibilities, to every longing soul, who is 
willing to have a yielded life; a spirit-filled life; a poured-out life, and 
ultimately have a glorified life. 



Poverty and Illiteracy 

Dear Sir: — "I am called of God to preach. I am a poor boy and no 
money to go to school on. I must have an education. Can you help 
me?" 

"In one section of the Mountain region there is a place where there 
are more than one hundred people, and not more than six adults can read 
or write, and all these are men. The poverty and ignorance that exist 
in this place are indescribable. In another place three young men said: 
'We so much want to work for the Lord, but we haint got no larnin. If 
will only tell us of some place where we can work for some larnin we will 
do any kind of hard work and as much of it as any one wants.' These 
young men were fine fellows and could be made a great blessing to the 
world." 

A teacher v/rites from another school. 

Several times this fall fathers have come in with a wagon-load of eight 
or nine children from "way yon side the mountain," all willing to do 
anything if we could only let them stay. It is hard to have to turn them 
away disappointed. One hot day in the autumn, an old man, worn and 
bent, with three little girls about six, eight, and ten years old, came 
down to Troublesome Creek where one of us was directing the boys in 
fence building and said, by way of greeting, "Wal, we have come like the 
Queen of Sheby on a visit to Solomon. We have heard tell of how you 
is the wisest wimmens in the world, and we've walked fifty miles to git 
the chance to see and larn from you." The girls all had on bright red 
calico dresses and looked tired, but eager and equal to anything. When 
we asked if the little six-year-old girl had walked every bit of the fifty 
miles, he said he had taken her up and carried her over the rough places, 
but she "'lowed she could walk if the rest could." They all said they 
did not mind the walk for they had taken three days for it, but that 
often they could not get anything to eat on the way. Their father told 
us that their mother had died of cancer and he didn't know any woman 

55 



"fitten" to raise them up right; that where they lived everybody was 
bad, and "thar's a thousand children over thar that want to come if 
you'll just take them." 

This is the same cry everywhere over these Mountains. One man 
sold all the stock he could spare amounting to ninety dollars, and took 
his two girls and a neighbor's daughter in a wagon thirty miles to the 
station, where they took the cars for a school twenty miles away, and 
when they arrived the school was overcrowded and they were turned 
away. The father said to the superintendent, "take this money, it is all 
I've got, and I will have my girls here on time next term. They must 
have an education." 

Do you see that it would require sixty miles riding in the wagon and 
forty miles on the cars to make one round trip.'' 

When once they are awakened to the needs of an education they are 
willing to make any sacrifice. Two little boys walked thirty-five miles 
to get into school. Oh! the Mountains are teeming with just such lads; 
diamonds in the rough. 

Reader, listen! Do you hear the heartcry? If so, look up into the 
face of the adorable Christ and say. Lord help me to do my part in this 
great redemption work. 



Statistics show there are 429,497 women in various professions: 
239,077 stenographers, 327,635 teachers and professors, 481,159 in var- 
ious trades, 770,055 engaged in agricultural pursuits, 7,300 physicians 
and surgeons, 7,395 ministers, 2,193 journalists, 1,037 architects, design- 
ers, and draftsmen, and 1,010 lawyers. 



A GOOD INVESTMENT. 

John and James were twins, fourteen years old. Their father was 
very wealthy. On every birthday they expected a rich present from 
him. A week before they were fourteen, they were talking over what 
they most wanted. 

"I want a pony," said James. 

"And what do you want, John?" asked his father. 

"A boy." 

"A boy!" gasped his father. 

"Yes. It doesn't cost much more to keep a boy than it does a horse, 
does it?" 

"Well, no," replied his father still very much surprised. 

"And I can get a boy for nothing, to begin with." 

"Yes," replied the father, hesitatingly, "I suppose so." 

"Why papa, I know so. There are lots of 'em running around without 
any home." 

"Oh, that's what you are up to, is it? Want to take a boy in and bring 
him up, do you?" 

"Yes, sir; it would be a great deal better than the Saint Bernard dog 
you were going to buy me, wouldn't it? You see, my boy could go about 
with me, play with me, and do all kinds of nice things for me — and I 
could do nice things for him, too, couldn't I? He could go to school, 
and I could help him with his examples and Latin." 

"Examples and Latin? God bless the boy, what is he aiming at?" 
and Judge Roding wiped the sweat from his bald head. 

56 




A HOME AND FARM IN WESTERN, N. C. 




A GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORE AND NATIVE TEAMS 
IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA. 



57 




A mountaineer's family. parents of 18 CHILDREN, 
16 LIVING, ALL IN ONE ROOM. 

When all mothers are educated, we need have no fear about future 
illiteracy. 

"When a man is educated it is simply one more taken from the list 
of ignorance; but in the education of a woman the whole family is taught, 
for she will pass on what she has learned to her children. The education 
of one woman is far more important for the world's ad\-ancement than 
that of one man."— Dr. Chas. D. Mclver. 




HOME OF THE FAMILY ABOVE. 
58 



"I know," laughed James. "He wants to adopt old drunken Pete's 
son." 

"Yes, papa, 'cause he is running about the streets as dirty and ragged 
as he can be, and he's a splendid boy, only he can't go to school half the 
time, 'cause he hasn't anything decent to wear." 

"How long do you want to keep him?" 

"Until he gets to be a man, father." 

"And turn out such a man as old Pete?" 

"No danger of that, father. He has signed the pledge not to drink 
intoxicants, nor swear, nor smoke, and he has helped me, father, for 
when I wanted to do such things, he told me his father was once a rich 
man's son, and just as promising as James and I." 

"Do you mean to tell me that you ever feel like doing such things as 
drinking, swearing, smoking, and loafing?" asked his father, sternly. 

"Why, papa, you don't know half the temptations boys have nowa- 
days. Why boys of our set swear and smoke and drink right along when 
nobody sees them. I am trying to surrender all — every vice, every bad 
habit. I don't see how I could enjoy a dog or a pony, when I know a 
nice boy suffering for some of the good things I enjoy." 

"You may have the boy, John, and may God bless the gift!" — Pure 
Words. 



HOW CAN WE MAKE THE HOME-NEST 
MORE ATTRACTIVE AND BEAUTIFUL? 

The first element of beauty is cleanliness. A clean home, clean clothes, 
and clean body make a fit temple for clean words and thoughts — a 
spiritual home. 

A second element of beauty is health. Study health as an essential 
of personal beauty, and as an element of economy. "Health is wealth; 
sickness is poverty." 

The splendid promoters and preservers of health are the three great 
physicians, always to be consulted — "Dr. Diet," "Dr. Quiet," and 
"Dr. Merryman." It is not the overwork that kills, but the fever, worry, 
and fret. "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine, but a broken 
spirit drieth the bones." Another element of beauty to the human 
family is happiness; and happiness does not depend on externals. As 
the heart is, the life will be. "A merry heart hath a continual feast; 
a cheerful countenance." 

Being is everything. A man's happiness depends upon what he is in 
himself. And happiness contributes most generously to beauty. 

Another element of beauty is simplicity. Be simple, live simple and 
dress simply, if you want a beautiful character, a beautiful life. All 
nature is in Rhythmic Harmony. Get in right relationship with that 
Harmony coming into you, filling your mind and body with a feeling of 
rest and peace, and latent power. Set your heart on the highest, most 
lasting things instead of those which are fleeting; and you will help add 
spiritual beauty to yourself, your home, your friends, your church and 
all with whom you come in contact. 



59 



Cast thy burden upon the Lord, and He shall sustain thee. 

Psa, 55:22. 

"Child of My love, Lean Hard, 

And let Me feel the pressure of thy care, 

I know thy burden, child. I shaped it; 

Poised it in Mine own hand: made no proportion 

In its weight to thine unaided strength. 

For even as I laid it on, I said, 

'I shall be near, and while she leans on Me, 

This burden shall be Mine, not hers: 

So shall I keep My child within the circling arms 

Of my own love.' Here lay it down, nor fear 

To impose it on a shoulder which upholds 

The government of worlds. Yet closer come: 

Thou art not near enough. I would embrace thy care 

So I might feel My child reposing on My breast. 

Thou lovest Me? I knew it. Doubt not then: 

But, loving Me, Lean Hard." 



DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND FELICITY. 

Below we give a remarkable condition from Kansas, 
that may well be stressed in every State, yea, in every 
home in America. 

It should be taken as a text by all W. C. T. U. Unions, 
Women's Clubs and all associations seeking a recipe for 
the lessening of the divorce evil which is ruining hundreds 
of thousands of homes and depriving tens of thousands 
of children of their parents. 

Listen! the science of caring for a home and making 
it a happy, beautiful abode is one of the highest accom- 
plishments in this world. Heaven's ideal. For the first 
divine institution which God estabhshed was the home. 
It has never been merged, or given place to any other 
ideal. Read and ponder the following fact: 

Nearly 4,000 girls have completed the work in domestic science at the 
Kansas Agricultural College, and, according to the best available records, 
about 2,600 of these girls have been married. At the State University 
about 2,000 girls have taken the domestic science work, and 1,200 are 
married. At the Normal School and its various branches about 1,200 
girls have been trained in housework, and some 600 have married. Not 
one of those who took the housework course at any of the three institu- 
tions has secured a divorce. 



DIVORCE TOTAL IN 1912, 100,000. 

MORE THAN 70,000 MADE ORPHANS. 

More than 70,000 children, the majority of them under the age of 9 
years, were deprived of one or both parents by divorce in this country 

60 



during the last year, according to figures of the New York state marriage 
and divorce commission. 

"The Pacific coast has been the greatest divorce center of the entire 
world. In the year 1912 alone there were granted in the United States 
more than 100,000 divorces. In forty years 3,700,000 adults were 
separated by divorce and more than 5,000,000 persons affected by these 
cases. Illinois alone provided 120,000 divorces; Pennsylvania, 55,760; 
California, 50,000, and New York, 44,450. New York state, however, 
sent 18,169 of its couples into other states to procure divorces and there 
were probably many migratory cases that are not recorded in this total. 
At present 90 per cent of the cases go by default, with only one party 
represented." 



THE "KALLIKAKS." 

The "Kallikak" family is well worth the study that men of science and 
people interested in social progress are giving it. 

The name, "Kallikak," is fanciful, — a compound made of the Greek 
words for "good" and for "bad," — but the family to which it is applied is 
real, the descendants of a certain Revolutionary soldier who had two 
wives. 

The first wife of "Martin Kallikak" was a woman of weak mind and 
low morals. By tracing five generations, it has been possible to identify 
480 descendants of the couple, of whom at least 143 were feeble-minded. 
Among the others are drunkards, paupers, and criminals of all degrees. 
There are relatively few who are not, or were not, mentally, morally or 
physically defective. 

Later in life Martin Kallikak married a young woman of a far higher 
type — healthy in body, mind, and morals. Of that marriage it has been 
possible to trace 496 descendants. In all that number only three have 
had bad records. The rest are, or were, normal persons, of good char- 
acter and ability, among whom were many of special distinction in their 
respective communities. 

All this may recall to the reader the account in The Companion last 
year of the descendants, on the one hand, of Jonathan Edwards, and on 
the other, of one "Jukes," a notorious criminal who was contemporary 
with the great theologian. In the case of the Kallikaks, however, the 
two lines had a common father, so that, even if you make every allowance 
for differences in surroundings and opportunity, you cannot escape the 
conclusion that the great difference in the two lines is due to the difference 
in character of the two mothers. 

The interesting study is the outcome of investigations into the ancestry 
of a girl in a New Jersey school for the feeble-minded. Prof. H. H. 
Goddard, who made the investigation, says that the criminals, paupers 
and defectives who can be traced back to the first wife of Martin Kallikak 
have cost New Jersey alone, in direct outlay, hundreds of thousands of 
dollars. What has been the far greater cost that is not to be reckoned 
in money, no man can say. 

Is it strange that society is beginning to interest itself in eugenics? 
And is it, then, nobody's business what kind of people marry and rear 
families ? — Youth's Companion. 



61 



WOMAN AS MAN'S EQUAL IN ALL 
CHRISTIAN PRIVILEGES. 

Miss Frances E. Wlllard, former President World's W. C T. U., 
whose fragrant memory is undying, and whose golden thoughts reveal 
the secret spring to a happy family life based on the Word of God and 
human experience; never uttered a truer sentiment than the following: 

THEOLOGIANS have overlooked the fact that God's 
curses are two-fold, and rest on man and woman equally. 
If she was cursed in that her husband ruled over her, he 
was cursed in so ruling, and had been through the cen- 
turies. Man's greatest pride is in his sons, but the stream 
cannot rise higher than its fountain; the mother of our 
race cannot with impunity be trodden under foot. The 
man who rules her is cursed in his character and his off- 
spring. He is unspeakably degraded by the desire to 
rule her; for such desire is the quintessence of selfishness 
and pride. A free, large, generous spirit in man instinc- 
tively revolts from the degradation of the word "obey" 
applied to one nearest, dearest and best of all the world 
to him. Christ says in explanation of Moses' act in 
permitting a man by a bill of divorcement to dismiss his 
wife: But from the beginning it was not so. — Matt. 19:3-8. 
And Christ came to restore the years that the caterpillar 
and palmerworm had eaten. In Christ the curses that 
have alike debased husband and wife are cancelled; the 
new heaven and the new earth (Isa. 66:22) revealed where- 
in dwelleth righteousness, justice, and the inwrought, 
outwrought Golden Rule. 

"You wish to teach our women to read, do you?" 
scornfully said an official of the Hindoos to a missionary 
from America, and added, "Next you will seek permission 
to teach our cows!" But what good has come to the 
Hindoo by his supreme selfishness toward mother and 
sister, daughter and wife.? He has not progressed one 
inch in thousands of years except as men who look upon 
women as their equals have placed in his unskilled hands 
the inventions of Occidental civilization and taught him 
our ideas of literature and law, of art and commerce. 
He has not risen one hair in the scale of being, except as 
our missionaries have brought to him that gospel which 
says. There shall be no more curse, for the former things 
are passed away (Rev. 21:4), and which restores the 
joint headship set forth in the divine words: Let us make 

62 



man in our image after our likeness and let them have 
dominion. — Gen. 26. I Peter 3 :7. 

A theologian of classical attainments, sends me the 
following admirable exegesis: 

"The term 'wifely subjection,' as used in the New Testament, has been 
a stumbling block to many. Let it be noticed that Paul does not direct 
wives to obey their husbands, he expressly commands children to obey 
their parents, in the Word. The objectionable word 'obe/ is very 
properly expunged from the American marriage service, as authorized 
by the Methodist Episcopal Church. Paul's words are: 'Be in subjection 
to your own husbands in all things.' (Eph 5:24.) That is when God 
and conscience do not forbid. Col. 3:18. Paul's words^ rendered 
'subjection,' John Wesley says means 'having a yielding spirit.' But 
let it be also observed that the chief apostle writes what many annotators 
virtually overlook: 'Subject yourselves one to another.' I Peter 5:5. 
Here Paul teaches husbandly subjection, as in the first passage named 
he teaches wifely. Annotators often follow one another like sheep, 
vainly attempting to make Paul's words harmonize with their own 
earnest teachings and the echoes of antiquity. Notice: the apostle 
expressly teaches mutual subjection as a set-off to wifely subjection. 
His words are 'one to another.' I Peter 5:5. Thus husbands are here 
expressly taught subjection, that is, to have a yielding spirit: husband 
is 'one,' wife is 'another;' and Paul's words are 'one to another.' There 
is not only no sex in religion, but St. Paul expressly teaches (see revised 
version) 'there can be no male or female.' — Gal. 3:28. Just as the 
ocean's incoming tide makes little pools and rivulets one full, smooth 
sea, so Christianity will swallow up caste and sex. 'Ye are all one man 
in Christ Jesus'. Gal. 3-28. (See revised version.) These words 
divinely teach perfect equality in all Christian privileges." 

"The time will come when the human heart will be so much alive 
that no one in any given community can sleep if any in that group of 
human beings be cold or hungry or miserable." — Frances E, Willard. 

Note: The above article of Miss Willard's taken from "The Bible 
Students' Cyclopaedia." 



SUGGESTIONS ON HOME AND CHILD LIFE. 

How to Save the Boy to the Church. 

You would like to build a beautiful home.f* Then why 
not try to build a beautiful character.? 

'•'My people are destroyed j or lack of knowledge: because thou has rejected 
knowledge. I also will reject thee, seeing thou has forgotten the Law of 
thy God, I will also forget thy children.'" — Rosea 4:6. 

It is blessed to save the old sheep, all battered, torn 
and bleeding, from the briers and thorns on the mountains 
of sin; but how much more blessed it is to save the lambs; 
then we will have the old sheep — God^s Plan; the Bible 
Plan. 

63 



The great majority of Christian parents are planting 
their children everywhere but where God wants them 
planted. They seem to act as though they could improve 
on God's divine plan; but it is a sad failure in the end. 
What is God'^s Plan? Listen! parents of America. God 
says: "Those that be planted in the house of the Lord 
shall flourish in the courts of our God. They shall bring 
forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing." 

We do not plant old trees, we plant young trees. And 
God means that the children, while young, shall be 
^^planted'^ and ^Hrained*^ up in the sanctuary, not simply 
in the Sunday School. ^^ Train up a child in the way he 
should go; and when he is old he will not depart from it." 
Keep in mind always that the two divine institutions 
which God established are: (1) the home; (2) the church, 
and that they have never been merged or given place to 
any other ideal. Jesus said that He went into the syna- 
gogue on the Lord's day, as was His custom. Who took 
Him.? Joseph and Mary, His parents. Why is that 
fact mentioned in the Bible.? As an object lesson for all 
parents, and it is as binding today on parents as it was 
on the parents of Jesus. Can't ignore it and expect to 
have your boys and girls in the church. This is God's 
way, the only right way; all others are failures. We are 
dying at the top — as a nation — for less than five out of 
every hundred of our young men from sixteen to thirty- 
two years of age are members of our churches. What of 
the future.? If the Christian is taken as a standard of 
judgment, the young men are left out as factors. 

Oh, if there is one word that needs to be written in 
letters of fire over every door, if it were possible, it is the 
word habit. What is the habit of your children.? Is it 
to attend the sanctuary on the Lord's day; or is it simply 
to go to Sunday School and then stay away from church 
service? Alas, the latter is lamentably too true. And 
boys especially, if not early brought to Jesus and held to 
the church, when the dangerous period of life comes, 
from twelve to eighteen, they usually feel too big to go 
to Sunday School; manhood begins to assert itself a little, 
and, in their opinion, have graduated from it; and as they 
have never cultivated the habit of going to church, it 
was not in the warp and woof and make-up of their being, 
so they are out of Sunday School and church, too. Parents 

64 



if you had a plant of great commercial value, a rare 
specimen, and could never get another, would you not 
take great care of it? Yes, the best you could. You 
would endeavor to follow out in detail the instruction of 
the nurseryman. How about your boy and girl.^ They 
have an eternal value. Are you, deep down in your soul, 
as anxious to train and care for them as you are for a 
plant .^ Oh, that we might be able to emphasize the 
eternal truth — God^s way — that your sons and daughters 
might become pillars in the church of Christ; for we are 
losing three boys out of every four who attend the Prot- 
estant Sunday Schools of America; who never make any 
profession of faith, or unite with any church. We must 
bestir ourselves, as this is the most serious problem we 
have to deal with in our rehgious work. More serious 
than the foreign missionary question. When we can 
solve this the others will take care of themselves. Only 
one way — the right way — God's way — the Bible way. 

CHARACTER BUILDING. 

God (the great Architect) gives a perfect plan in detail (in the Bible) 
for character building, and tells the material to be used, so that it will 
stand the test of the temptations of life; the dying hour and the fires of 
the judgment. Deut. 4:9, 10, 40; 5:29; 6:5, 6, 7, 8, 9; 11:13, 18, 19, 20, 
21. Psalm 78:1-8. Joshua 24:15. Prov. 22:6. Eph. 6:4. II Tim. 3:15; 
1:5. Psalm_ 92:12, 13, 14. Isaiah 54:13. Do as God tells you and 
plant the children in His house while young. 

The covenant promise (Deut. 7:9; Acts 2:39) is given only on condition 
of no unholy ambition reigning in the hearts of parents (Matt. 6:33), 
and their living in continual obedience to God. — II Cor. 10:5. 

Find out what God wants and expects of you, by daily searching of 
His Word, and family and secret prayer, and never break faith with Him 
and He will never break faith with you (Isaiah 40:8), and the Covenant 
promise shall be to you and your children (every one of them) forever. 
Deut. 11:26,27,28. 

A MOTHER. 

A mother is more than a queen. 

To shape a child's life is the sweetest earthly task. I Sam. 1st chapter. 
H Tim. 3:15. 

If you are a m.other you will need to ask God daily for patience and 
wisdom.—Luke 21:19. Rom. 12:12. II Peter 1:5-8. Remember that 
children, if told of Christ, quickly learn to love Him (I Sam. 3 :4), and only 
as they love Him and keep His commandments are they safe. — II Tim. 
1:5; Deut. 11:21. He shall carry the lambs in His bosom. — Isa. 40:11. 

May the Father in Heaven guide thee and thine! 

THE BIBLE AND CHILDHOOD. 

1. Man's anxious question about every child. — Luke 1:61. 

2. God's interest in childhood. — Gen. 21:17; Psalm 147:13; Prov. 
8:17. 

65 



3. God's care for His little ones. — Deut. 7:4; Psalm 103:13; Isaiah 
40:ll;Mal. 3:6; Matt. 7:11. 

4. God saving men by homefuls. — Gen. 7:1, 19:16; Josh. 24:15; 
Acts 16:31-33. 

5. Parents as God-appointed teachers. — Deut. 6:4-7; Psalm 78:5-8. 

EARLY INSTRUCTION. 

We cannot instruct our children in divine things too soon. If you say, 
"Nay, but they cannot understand you when they are so young;" I 
answer. No; nor can they when they are fifty years old, unless God opens 
their understanding. And can He not do this at any age? — Wesley. 

If guileless innocency is denied access to Christ, who of us shall presume 
to approach Him? — St. Chrysostom. 

PROMISES RESPECTING CHILDREN OF BELIEVERS. 

Scripture.— Gen. 17:7; Deut. 4:40; Deut. 30:6; Prov. 20:7; Isa. 44:3; 
Isa. 54:13; Mark 10; Acts 2:39; Acts 16:31. 

Dear Reader, it will be so much more blessed for you, if you will go to 
the Word and search out the verses referred to above, and mark them in 
your Bible, than for us to have printed them in full. 

Remember, we are to be judged in the Great Day of Assize by the "Chart 
of Life"— the Bible— which God has left us. Read Deut. 18:19; St. John 
12:48. Are we getting ready for the Great Examination? Are we living 
and training our children from infancy according to divine instructions? 
If so, how happy will be our family life on earth, and throughout eternity. 

"Parents cannot do God's work, and God will not do theirs; but if 
they use the means, He will never withhold His blessing." — Adam Clarke. 

CONVERSION AND PIETY OF CHILDREN. 

Scripture.— Psalm 34:11; Psalm 147:13; Prov. 8:17; Eccles. 12:1; 
Matt. 18: 2; Matt. 19:13, 14; Mark 9:36, 37. 

Examples. — Joshua, Exod. 33; Samuel, 1 Sam. 2:18; Abijah the Child, 
1 Kings 14:13; Obadiah, 1 Kings 18:12; Josiah, 2 Chron. 34:3; Jeremiah, 
Jer. 1:5; John the Baptist, Luke 1:15; Timothy, 2 Tim. 3:15; Isaiah, 
Isa. 49:5; David, Psalm 71:5-17. 

The wickedness of the children is generally owing to the fault or neglect 
of the parents. Prov. 22:6. — Wesley. 



SUGGESTIONS ON THE BIBLE. 

The Old-Fashioned Home. 

Not one in hundreds of Christians today have ever 
gone through the Bible from Genesis to Revelations to 
see what God says about the building of a Christian 
home and the rearing of children on the Divine Plan; and 
yet His Plan is as definite as the laws of gravitation. 

Nothing more certain beneath the stars of the vault of 

66 



heaven than the specific Instructions for saving the boys 
as well as the girls for a beautiful, clean, pure, holy and 
useful life. ^ 

Dear Parents, if the Bible is the Word of God, then it 
IS fundamentally and eternally the same in every century 
Bemg the Word of God, its inherent teaching is funda- 
mentally and eternally the same, "yesterday, today and 
l^^W/ , J^^ ^""^^^ fadeth; the grass withereth, but 
the Word of our God shall stand forever." "My Word 
has never been broken." 

Of all the estabHshments of earth, the greatest is the 
family and the church of Christ. The greatest question 
that man ever asked is, "What must I do to be saved.?" 
and the Bible is the only book that has ever answered it 
satisfactorily. The two divine institutions which God 
estabhshed and have never been merged or given place 
to any other ideal are: first, the Home; second, the Church. 
1 he family is the foundation on which all the rest are 
•11 u^-* ^^^ ^^^^^' ^^^ nation, the race, and their greatness 
will be m proportion as the family character is maintained. 
It IS a nation that is a nation of homes that is a great 
nation. The nation that is a nation of famihes that is a 
strong nation and when a family is broken down because 
the foundation laws that He behind the fact of the family 
are disregarded there is the weakening of the nation, and 
no nation can play with these basic laws of society with- 
out making the whole fabric totter and tremble and 
utterly fall to pieces. 

What we need today is not greater armies, better 
equipped navies, more laws, but better and stronger 
Christian men to govern the affairs in our city, state and 
national government for the glory of God. Where are 
these strong, noble Christian men to come from.? The 
Christian homes of America. The old-fashioned home is 
breaking down and that is what is ailing America. Not 
one Christian family in many have family worship, or, 
return thanks at the table. In fact no daily recognition 
of God in the home. When boys and girls go astray it 
is generally because they did not receive the right start 
in life. How much better to form character than to 
reform character. If parents see that their children are 
trained up In the nurture and admonition of the Lord, 
we will guarantee they will not stray so far away from 

67 



home that they will not find themselves somewhere, 
sometime. 

The danger of breaking up the old-fashioned American 
home, is not simply among the poor, needy and unfortu- 
nate, but the evils go into the best ranks of society. 

The most serious problem that refers to the young 
offender may be traced back to two causes: One, the 
breaking down of the old-fashioned home — the old idea 
that used to be extant that the parents had a sacred 
charge in the children committed to their care and that it 
was an offense against the laws of God and man to permit 
a child to grow up without being trained in the nurture 
and admonition of the Lord. No man appreciates his 
citizenship who does not rightly apprehend his relation 
to his God, to his country and to humanity. Those 
things must be revived in America. 

The first duty of a man is in his own family. Before 
a man can aspire to reform a community or nation he 
must turn his attention to the folks at home. Rev. Sam 
Jones once startled his audience by saying: *'I want 
you to help save my boys, and the way to save my boys, 
is to save your own." Fathers, does your walk and talk 
agree } 

THE BIBLE AND CHILD LIFE. 

The only Eden left on earth since the fall is the Christian home. 

We are in a land of Bibles, but we fear it is greatly 
neglected in the home life of today. If we could only 
get parents to take the Bible, the Chart of Life — let 
down from the throne, written by the finger of God and 
coming from His lips, and see what God says from Genesis 
to Revelations about the building of a Christian home 
and the rearing of children, their eyes would be open to 
see God's plans as never before. And if His plans were 
sacredly carried out in teaching the children all the Words 
of God, there never would be an aching heart over a way- 
ward son or daughter. 

What are some of His words? "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is 
one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, 
and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. And these words, which 
I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart; and thou shalt teach 
them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou 
sittest in thine house, and when thou walketh by the way, and when thou 
liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt bind them for a 
sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. 

68 



And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy 
gates." 

The word "diligenf' means to sharpen or whet it, create 
a desire and love for the word of God, so that it will find 
a lodgment in the heart of the child; and the different 
places and manner of teaching as expounded in these 
verses indicate most forcibly that to teach the Word to 
a child is the most important thing in its life, next to 
salvation. But, you say, that is the old Mosaic law; why 
do you not give us the New Testament teaching? Well, 
here it is, as emphatic as the Old, Paul's charge to Timothy: 
"But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned 
and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast 
learned them." (Of whom did he learn them.? Of his 
Grandmother Lois and his mother Eunice, who were 
Jewesses.) "And that from a babey from five to twelve 
years of age, thou hast known the holy scriptures, which 
are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith 
which is in Christ Jesus." The Word is the only medium 
sanctified by God by which the Holy Spirit can open 
the soul eyes to see Jesus. Timothy's grandmother and 
mother knew that if they put God's Word in Timothy's 
mind and heart according to God^s plan, the Holy Spirit 
would reveal Jesus to Timothy; Jesus being revealed to 
him as his Savior, he would accept Jesus, and Jesus would 
save him from his sins, and lead him to a useful life. That 
is spiritual mathematics. Two and two make four with 
God. For there is the law of cause and effect in raising 
a family, as there is in raising corn or any other crop. 

Truly, the devil is an angel of light deceiving the very 
elect of God, as it were. He knows that if magazines, 
papers, books, music, school, business, society, pleasure, 
etc., however right and legitimate they may be, crowd 
out the daily teaching of the Word until the seed time is 
past and the harvest begins, he has won the day; for the 
groundwork will not be laid for the Holy Spirit to help 
the child in the hours of temptation and discouragement. 
The Holy Spirit cannot "bring to their remembrance 
whatsoever Jesus has said unto them" unless it has been 
taught to them. (John 14:26.) 

May God open your soul eyes to see this, and to see 
that the highest accomplishment in this world is to 
become intimately acquainted with God through His Word. 

69 



"The best two books to a child are a good mother's 
face and life." 

"The jail will never solve the problem of crime; it 
must be solved, by the home, church and school. In 
the majority of juvenile offenses the culprits are not 
really bad. They have loyalty, but the loyalty is mis- 
directed because there is no director. They have energy, 
but it is likewise misdirected, and that misdirected energy 
we used to call crime." — Judge Ben B. Lindsay. 



A MOTHER S INFLUENCE. 

A mother's influence never dies. The writer was called 
upon to visit an old saint of God over ninety-four years 
old. During the service the question was asked her, 
"Aunty, whom do you think you will meet first in heaven?" 
As her face lighted up with a solar light, and with arms 
extended upward, she exclaimed, "My mother, oh, my 
mother will meet me first. She will introduce me to 
Jesus." What a precious thought that one never out- 
grows a mother's influence and example. 

Oh, if mothers only realized that they are in a special 
sense the character builders, that they mold the character 
and fix the destiny — for character determines destiny — 
of their children, how much more sacred the trust would 
become. And then to realize that there is only one time 
to build a character — a life — from infancy to about 
twelve years of age. What kind of a life do you desire? 
You can determine that to a marked degree. If you 
desire the children to be clean and pure and noble, Christ- 
Hke, you must be, — Parents! 

"We are building every day, in a good or evil way; 
And the building as it grows, will our inmost soul disclose. 
Build it well, whate'er you do; build it straight and strong and true; 
Build it clean, and high, and broad; build it for the eye of God." 

The seed-time is, as stated, from infancy to about 
twelve years of age. After that the harvest, and the 
harvest is as the sowing. If we sow to the world, we 
reap of the world; if we sow to the spirit, we reap of the 
spirit. God's eternal law. So deep and all underlying 
is this truth that our very thoughts are mighty in character 

70 



formation. For thoughts are moral acts and they lead to 
outward action. "For as man thinketh in his heart, 
so is he." 

The brain is not mentioned direct in the Bible, but the 
heart more than a thousand times. Not out of the brain 
are the issues of life, but out of the heart. As the heart 
is, the life will be; therefore, we must get into the heart 
of the child to regulate the life. There is an outward 
reformation, and an inward; an outward correction and 
an inward. When the children need correcting, take each 
one separately, and shut the door where no one can see 
but the eye of God; no ear can hear but the ear of God; 
and after correcting in love, kneel down and let them 
hear your voice in prayer. 

There is no power so potent to hold in after life, as a 
mother's prayer. It is the staying power for your boy 
and girl when tempted and tried in the battles of life. 
If taking each child alone to Jesus in secret is neglected; 
it will be a loss that can never be made up. It is the 
greatest legacy to hand down to sons and daughters; 
worth more than gold and silver, government bonds, or 
houses and lands. No wonder Jesus said, "But seek ye 
first the kingdom of God and His righteousness; and all 
these things — all needful things — shall be added unto 
you." What does He mean? Why.^ The first and 
wisest thing to do is to get into the kingdom of God by 
faith in His Son, and be clothed with His righteousness 
- — His nature and character. The one who fully accepts 
Jesus Christ, and lives for His glory, will have all needed 
temporal good added. 



CULTIVATE IN YOUR CHILDREN A 
MISSIONARY SPIRIT. 

Dear Reader: Will you help us to make possible the 
opportunity for hundreds to get an education who are 
now deprived of it.? If so, a lasting blessing will come 
to this school, the result of which will only be known in 
eternity. 

Let your son or daughter own a copy of "Diamonds 
in the Rough;" it will make them richer, especially in 
heart-love. 

n 



Get them interested while young in giving to Missionary 
work, and the blessed missionary spirit will grow with 
their growth and strengthen with their strength. 

Listen ! "Train i^p," up ; Up ! ! UP ! ! !— (to manhood)— 
"A child, m the zvay he should go, Bind when he is old (grown 
in years), he will not depart from it." 

Who says so? GOD. Depart from what.? Why the 
''Training.'' Do you catch the thought? The stress 
that is placed on the ''training?" On God's Plan, which 
will lead them to Jesus for Salvation, and will make their 
lives, 

"As the days of Heaven upon Earth," and Heaven through all Eter- 
nity. Read Deut. 6th chapter. Matt. 6:33; 19:13, 14, 15. 

Why is Daniel mentioned in the Bible? As an object 
lesson for all parents. Daniel was so "trained" that at 
about seventeen years of age he would rather have died 
than to violate the law of his God and the instruction of 
his Jewish parents. This was also seen when he was 
sixty-eight years old, when thrown into the lion's den. 

May God burn the "training" down into your hearts 
as with characters of fire. For not one Christian parent 
in thousands knows what God says about the parents' duty 
to their children. 

Why? Because the Bible is a lost book to many people 
who have it in their homes and may see it daily on their 
tables. And that because it is a neglected hook. 

But remember, the Bible is the only chart of life. It is 
grand to love all books that are worthy to be loved, but 
love for the Book of books is what makes us strong. 

Get the Bible into your children's lives. It will make 
them stronger than Samson and richer than Solomon. 

THE HOLY SPIRIT THE REVEALER OF THE WORD. 

Never open your Bible — God's word — without first silently inviting 
the Holy Spirit to reveal it to you. Human intellect may apprehend but 
cannot comprehend the Gospel unaided by the Holy Spirit. 

It is the supreme office of the Holy Spirit to teach believers the Gospel 
of Christ; revealing to them Christ Himself and through Christ bringing 
them to know the Father also. (John 17:3; Eph. 3:16-19.) 

No one can take the place of the Holy Spirit as teacher; nor can anyone 
teach the things He specifically imparts to those who have received Him 
as their teacher. Spirit-filled teachers may bring much important truth to 
the notice of the Spirit-filled Christian; but the Holy Spirit alone can 
give a true and satisfactory knowledge of the Scriptures. This is His 
exclusive prerogative. 

72 



PROSPERITY AND PROHIBITION. 

Of the 105 counties in the state of Kansas, fifty-three 
of them have not a single inmate in the county jails, and 
sixty-five have no criminals serving sentence in the state 
penal institutions, many of the counties not having had 
a jury to try criminal cases in ten years. 

The average death rate in Kansas is only seven and one- 
half per thousand, the lowest in the world. When pro- 
hibition went into effect it was seventeen per thousand. 
Eighty-seven counties have no insane and fifty-four no 
feeble-minded. Ninety-six without any inebriates, thirty- 
eight without any poorhouses. The bank savings have 
increased from thirty million dollars in 1880 to over two 
hundred million dollars in 1912. The average per capita 
wealth of the state is §1,700 while that of Missouri, a state 
with much more varied resources, is only $300 per capita. 
There are more than 516,000 school children in the state 
who never saw a saloon, and few of them a drunken man. 
Over 21,000 of our young people are attending some 
Kansas college. Three of the possibly four or five con- 
ferences of our Church in the United States that made a 
gain of more than one thousand were Kansas conferences, 
and no man would affirm that they had preachers either 
more able or more devoted than the adjoining states, but 
they did not have the saloon to fight. 

For the last six years the prohibitory law has been as 
well enforced as any law on the statute books. The liquor 
that is sold is handled by disreputable characters down 
back alleys and in dark cellars. The governor has a 
standing challenge to any man to find an open saloon in 
the state. Drunkenness has become almost an unknown 
quantity. The Brewers' Year Book for 1911 charges 
Kansas with paying government tax on less than one 
hundredth of a gallon per capita, and Wisconsin, one of 
the wet states of the Union, with 64.51 gallons per capita. 

— Western Christian Advocate. 



IS THIS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT? 

30,000,000,000 is a fair estimate of the number of cigarettes consumed 
in the United States in 1912. It is estimated that the revenue from 
cigarettes in 1914, should reach 321,000,000 or more. 

Cigars and the pipe yield more nicotine than the cigarette. But 
nicotine is not the most dangerous element in cigarette smoke. 

73 



Furfural, the principal "aldehyde" in cigarettes, is said to be fifty- 
times as poisonous as ordinary alcohol. 

A single cigarette yields as much furfural as is present in a couple of 
fluid ounces of whiskey. It is altogether absent from the smoke of a 
cigar. 

Harriman, the railroad king, once said, "I would just as soon think 
of getting my employees out of the insane asylum as to employ cigarette 
users." 

Three-fourths of the boys over eleven years of age attending the 
public schools in one section of our country are addicted to the use of 
cigarettes or tobacco in some form. 

Twelve years ago the use of cigarettes was about as prevalent in the 
schools of Japan as it is today in the United States. And in 1900, Japan 
by law prohibited the use of cigarettes by boys under twenty-one years. 

— The Sunday School Times. 



WHY HE IS TO VOTE "DRY." 

Colonel B. B. Johnson, secretary to Governor Ralston 
of Indiana, has come out in a public statement declaring 
his intention of voting for the elimination of the saloon, 
accompanying his statement by cogent reasons which we 
believe our constituency should have. Mr. Johnson 
makes no denial of the fact that formerly he sympathized 
with the liquor element and voted "wet." He is a public 
official in a state that, by its last open expression, repealed 
the county option law and whose political leaders are 
sympathetic with the liquor element. His expression is 
therefore not given to the public from any consideration 
of political expediency. We quote: 

"Having just passed through an experience of a year in the office of 
the governor of the state, I am frank to admit a radical change in my 
viewpoint and my conclusions as to the existence of the saloon in any 
truly enlightened community. As a citizen of Richmond, having at 
heart the welfare of the whole community, I shall vote 'dry' at the 
coming election; and as a candid man I desire to give my reasons therefor. 

"Every day of the year there have come to the executive office from 
one to a half-dozen letters from women and girls pleading for the parole 
or pardon of husbands, fathers, or brothers; and it is no exaggeration 
to say that a vast majority of them, probably four-fifths, refer to the 
fact that the liquor saloon was directly or indirectly connected with the 
crime for which they were convicted, if it was not largely responsible 
for it. For the first time I had a realization of the direct relation 
between saloons and crime. 

"The repetition of this experience day after day made a profound 
impression on my mind, and I said to myself some months ago, that if 
the opportunity came again in my home city I would vote 'dry,' regard- 
less of consequences, either personal, commercial, or political — and I 
certainly shall redeem that pledge if I live to cast my vote. 

74 



"In taking this position, I, of course, speak for no person but myself. 
I have consulted with no one as to whether or not it is 'good poh'cy,* 
but I am thoroughly convinced that it is good citizenship. Having 
always recognized the 'treating' habit associated with the American 
saloon as a great evil, after a wider experience I now believe the direct 
and inevitable tendency of the saloon system is evil, and that continually." 

— Advocate. 



NORTH CAROLINA RUINED. 

North Carolina entered upon the Prohibition policy on January 1, 
1909. That was the beginning of her "ruination," according to the 
people who make their living out of the sale of liquor. 

Statistics prepared by the State Corporation Commission as to banks 
are very illuminating on this point. Read them: 

Year 1908: Banks, 375; Capital Stock, 314,392,048; Deposits Nov. 1, 
353,894,519. Year 1912: Banks 461; Capital Stock 318,644,652; 
Deposits Nov. 1, 398,082,645. 

This is what happened in the four years under Prohibition according 
to the Corporation Commission: 

New banks established, 86. 

Increase in bank stock, 34,252,604. 

Increase in deposits, 344,188,126. 

THE BANK DEPOSITS HAVE NEARLY DOUBLED IN FOUR 
DRY YEARS!!!— /row New Republic. 



CHINA'S HORRIBLE EXAMPLE. 

"The heathen Chinese" is setting "the Christian American" an exam- 
ple whose sarcasm is withering. 

"Opium," according to this "heathen" logic, "is terribly harmful. 
It kills the body. It kills the soul. Therefore the Chinese must not be 
allowed to use it. Therefore they must not be allowed to cultivate the 
deadly plant. Therefore foreign merchants must not be allowed to sell 
it to them. 

In all this there is no word about "personal liberty." "Heathenism" 
seems to disregard a man's personal liberty to make of himself a brute, a 
public charge, and a public menace. This "heathen" nation is eradica- 
ting the opium evil with government troops. 

Contrast with this our delicate, considerate treatment of the equally 
deadly saloon. The army against it? Nay; the highest army officers 
are pleading for an alcoholic canteen. 

No wonder this country has set its face like a flint against the admis- 
sion of the Chinese. — C. E. World. 



A prominent life insurance company makes the following statement: 
"The annual expenditure for alcoholic beverages in the United States is 
a sum sufficient to pay the premium on a 340,000 life insurance policy for 
every male dying in this country." A 340,000 life insurance policy is 
certainly worth more than a pauper's grave. 



You may think what you please about moderate drinking; but remem- 
ber that employers measure men by dry measure. — Youth's Companion. 

7S 




The brewer and his friends have long advanced the claim that beer 
is a food because of its nutritive qualities. Even good men have been 
led astray. Let us run a bottle of beer through the wringer of "Scientific 
Analysis" that we may determine what contribution it makes to the 
sum of human happiness. 

We find that beer is composed of ninety-one per cent water, four 
per cent alcohol, three per cent waste material, and two per cent food 
values. Liebig, the great German chemist, says, "If a man drinks 
daily eight or ten quarts of the best Bavarian beer, at the end of a year 
he has taken into his system as much nourishment as is contained in a 
five-pound loaf of bread." In the process of brewing almost all the 
proteid, the muscle and bone-building material is lost. A man must 
drink 108 glasses of beer in one day to obtain the required amount, 
but the same amount is to be obtained in ten cents' worth of bread. 
Chemists and physicians everywhere unite in saying that beer retards 
digestion. Can a beverage then which contains less food than alcohol, 
which retards digestion, and which predisposes to disease, be truthfully 
called a food or a poison.'' — N. W. Advocate. 

"Which?" 

"Wife or Whiskey? 

The Babes or the Bottle? 

Heaven or Hell?" 



76 



A KEY TO SUCCESS IN LIFE. 
Dear Young Man and Young Woman: 

Imbed these foundation principles into the warp and woof of your 
character, they will prove of inestimable value through life. 

Analyze, memorize them! They will take possession of you and you 
will take possession of them! 

Character in business, like the oak, grows in obedience to Nature's 
laws. It has been said, "He profits most who serves best." This Is an 
important law, it is the chief corner stone of character-building success 
in business. 

Man cannot escape the working of this law, its ramifications extend 
through life. 

The minister profits most who serves his people best. 

The lawyer, who serves his clients best. 

The doctor, who serves his patients best. 

The merchant, who serves his customers best. 

The manufacturer, who serves his patrons best. 

The clerk, who serves his employer best. 

The teacher, who serves his pupils best. 

The student, who serves his teacher best. 

The son and daughter, who serve their parents best. 

Proof — Fifth Commandment. 
The servant of God profits most who serves his Lord best. — Proverbs 
3:9-10. 

Whosoever serves best profits most. 

^ Remember that the effect of truth upon life is determined by the con- 
dition of the heart into which the truth falls. Capacity is God-given but 
character must be self-developed. God gives opportunity, achievement 
awaits on human will. 
The KEY is summed up in these words: 

Duty, Concentration, System, 
Perseverance, Energy. 



LIFE IN EPIGRAM. 

THE REV. ERNEST WRAY ONEAL. 

Reputation is what men say you are; character is what God knows 
you are. 

Reputation is seeming; character is being. 

Reputation is your photograph; character is your face. 

Reputation is manufactured; character is grown. 

Reputation is what comes over you from without; character is what 
rises up from within. 

Reputation is what you have when you come to town; character is 
what you have when you go away. 

Reputation makes you rich or poor; character makes you miserable 
or happy. 

Reputation is what you need to get a job; character is what you 
need to keep one. 

Reputation is what is chiseled on your tombstone, character is what 
the angels say about you before the throne of God. 

77 



Only the White Population Considered in this Table. 

Table No. 1 





Population 10 years of 


Population 10 years of 


DIVISION 
and 


age and over: 1910 


age and 


over: 1900 




Illiterate 




Illiterate 


STATE 


Total 




Per 


Total 




Per 






Number 


Cent 




Number 


Cent 


Continental 














United States 














Geographic 


71,580,270 


5,516,693 


7.7 


57,949,824 


6,180,069 


10.7 


Divisions 














New England 
Middle Atlantic 


5,330,914 


280,806 


5.3 


4,524,602 


272,402 


6.0 


15,446,515 


874,012 


5.7 


12,167,559 


704,134 


5.8 


E. North Central 


14,568,949 


491,798 


3.4 


12,443,302 


534,299 


4.3 


W. North Central 


9,097,311 


263,628 


2.9 


7,838,564 


324,023 


4.1 


South Atlantic 


9,012,826 


1,444,294 


16.0 


7,616,159 


1,821,346 


23.9 


E. South Central 


6,178,578 


1,072,100 


17.4 


5,474,227 


1,364,935 


24.9 


W. South Central 


6,394,043 


845,606 


13.2 


4,649,988 


953,644 


20.5 


Mountain 


2,054,249 


140,628 


6.8 


1,276,076 


122,901 


9.6 


Pacific 


3,496,885 


103,821 


3.0 


1,959,347 


82,385 


4.2 


New England 














Maine 


603,893 


24,554 


4.1 


565,440 


29,060 


5.1 


New Hampshire 


354,118 


16,386 


4.6 


337,893 


21,075 


6.2 


Vermont 


289,128 


10,806 


3.7 


278,943 


16,247 


5.8 


Massachusetts 


2,742,684 


141,541 


5.2 


2,267,048 


134,043 


5.9 


Rhode Island 


440,065 


33,854 


1.1 


344,824 


29,004 


8.4 


Connecticut 


901,026 


53,665 


6.0 


730,454 


42,973 


5.9 


Middle Atlantic 














New York 


7,410,819 


406,220 


5.5 


5,801,682 


318,100 


5.5 


New Jersey 


2,027,946 


113,502 


5.6 


1,480,498 


86,658 


5.9 


Pennsylvania 


6,007,750 


354,290 


5.9 


4,885,379 


299,376 


6.1 


East North 














Central 














Ohio 


3,848,747 


124,774 


3.2 


3,289,921 


13.1,541 


4.0 


Indiana 


2,160,405 


66,213 


3.1 


1,968,215 


90,539 


4.6 


Illinois 


4,493,734 


168,241 


3.7 


3,727,745 


157,958 


4.2 


Michigan 


2,236,252 


74,800 


3.3 


1,896,265 


80,482 


4.2 


Wisconsin 


1,829,811 


57,770 


3.2 


1,561,156 


73,779 


4.7 


West North 














Central 














Minnesota 


1,628,635 


49,337 


3.0 


1,305,657 


52,946 


4.1 


Iowa 


1,760,286 


29,889 


1.7 


1,711,789 


40,172 


2.3 


Missouri 


2,594,600 


111,604 


4.3 


2,371,865 


152,844 


6.4 


North Dakota 


424,730 


13,070 


3.1 


229,161 


12,719 


5.6 


South Dakota 


443,466 


12,751 


2.9 


294,304 


14,832 


5.0 


Nebraska 


924,032 


18,009 


1.9 


799,755 


17,997 


2.3 


Kansas 


1,321,562 


28,968 


2.2 


1,126,033 


32,513 


2.9 



78 



Only the White Population Considered in this Table. 

Table No. 1 (Continued) 






Population 10 years of 
age and over: 1910 


Population 10 years of 
age and over: 1900 


DlVlblUiN 
and 


Total 


IlUterate | 


Total 


imterate 


STATE 


Number 


Per 
Cent 


Number 


Per 
Cent 


South Atlantic 














Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist. of Columbia 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 


163,080 
1,023,950 

279,088 
1,536,297 

903,822 
1,578,595 
1,078,161 
1,885,111 

564,722 


13,240 

73,397 

13,812 

232,911 

74,866 

291,497 

276,980 

389,775 

77,816 


8.1 

7.2 

4.9 

15.2 

8.3 

18.5 

25.7 

20.7 

13.8 


145,500 
920,715 
231,837 

1,364,501 
701,646 

1,346,734 
942,402 

1,577,334 
385,490 


17,531 
101,947 

20,028 
312,120 

80,105 
386,251 
338,659 
480,420 

84,285 


12.0 
11.1 
8.6 
22.9 
11.4 
28.7 
35.9 
30.5 
21.9 


East South 
Central 














Kentucky 
Tennessee 
Alabama 
Mississippi 


1,722,644 
1,621,179 
1,541,575 
1,293,180 


208,084 
221,071 
352,710 
290,235 


12.1 
13.6 
22.9 
22.4 


1,589,685 
1,480,948 
1,304,703 
1,098,891 


262,954 
306,930 
443,590 
351,461 


16.5 
20.7 
34.0 
32.0 


West South 
Central 














Arkansas 
Louisiana 
Oklahoma 
Texas 


1,134,087 
1,213,576 
1,197,476 
2,848,904 


142,954 

352,179 

67,569 

282,904 


12.6 

29.0 

5.6 

9.9 


934,332 

990,364 

561,379 

2,163,913 


190,655 

381,145 

67,826 

314,018 


20.4 
38.5 
12.1 
14.5 


Mountain 














Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 


303,551 
249,018 
117,585 
640,846 
240,990 
157,659 
274,778 
69,822 


14,348 

5,453 

3,874 

23,780 

48,697 

32,953 

6,821 

4,702 


4.7 
2.2 
3.3 
3.7 
20.2 
20.9 
2.5 
6.7 


191,596 
119,837 

72,062 
425,424 
141,282 

94,147 
196,769 

34,959 


11,675 

5,505 

2,878 

17,779 

46,971 

27,307 

6,141 

4,645 


6.1 

4.6 

4.0 

4.2 

33.2 

29.0 

3.1 

13.3 


Pacific 














Washington 

Oregon 

California 


933,556 

555,631 

2,007,698 


18,416 
10,504 
74,901 


2.0 
1.9 

3.7 


408,437 

328,799 

1,222,111 


12,740 
10,686 
58,959 


3.1 

3.3 
4.8 



79 



GOD'S DEFINITE PLAN FOR A HAPPY AND 

PROSPEROUS LIFE. 
Dear Young Reader: 

We especially want you to analyze and memorize the 
following verses of Scripture, and get the fundamental 
principles so inwrought in your very being that they will 
be your main stay in life. 

In these ten verses you will find the Golden Key to 
unlock the store house of heaven. 

Hear! hear! we challenge any person to find a single 
case in all history who ever failed financially that lived 
in harmony with God's law; kept His commandments, 
and gave one tenth of all their increase and free-will offer- 
ings sacredly to God. 

We must not give with the expectation of gain, for that 
would be selfish, and God cannot bless selfishness, but 
give because He requires it by His express command. 
And we love to do His will. 

If any of our readers can find a single case we will 
eliminate this article from our book and never print it 
again. Now to the law and the testimony. Proverbs 3 :1-10. 

"My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my command- 
ments: For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they add to 
thee. Let not mercy and truth forsake thee; bind them about thy neck; 
write them upon the table of thine heart: So shalt thou find favour and 
good understanding in the sight of God and man. Trust in the Lord with 
all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy 
ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths. Be not wise in 
thine own eyes; fear the Lord, and depart from evil. It shall be health 
to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones. 

Honour the Lord with thy substance, and with the first fruits of all thine 
increase: So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall 
burst out with new wine.'^ 



THE KEY IS IN THE POCKET. 

"Did you ever hear a man remind the Lord of His promise in Mai. 3:10? 
I have, many a time. I have heard men really yell to the Lord to open 
those windows of heaven and pour out the blessing. It would seem as if 
they would break the glass out of those windows, or have the Lord tear 
the frames to pieces, they were so anxious for the blessing; but the 
windows didn't open, the blessing didn't come, and they felt a little hard 
toward the Lord for the failure. But all the time they had the key in 
their pockets, and didn't use it. 

"How does that passage read.'' Look sharp: 'Bring ye all the tithes 
[tenth of your income] into the storehouse, that there may be meat in 
My house, and prove Me now herewith [that is, with the tenth], saith 

80 



the Lord, if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out 
a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive it.' The 
;tenth' is the key to the window. Apply the key. Bring that tenth 
into the storehouse. Take it out of your pocket and give it to the Lord 
Then what will happen? Why, He says He will open the windows of 
heaven and pour out the blessing. You can't keep the key in your 
pocket and get the blessing. How much noise is wasted over this text 
and It is called prayer. Fulfill the condition, and God will fulfill the 
promise."— The Silent Evangel Society. 

"Capital, Capacity, Collateral and Character are the big four C's 
of business, but the greatest of them all is Character. Unless all the 
others _ are backed by Character, one's Capital and Collateral and 
Capacity do not count for much consideration in the eyes of the modern 
shrewd credit man." 

Special Privilege 

Each person who remits us 50 cents promptly for a 
copy of Diamonds m the Rough, will have the privilege 
of buying one copy of The Bible Students' Cyclopaedia 
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This book has been endorsed by over 500 college presi- 
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been a blessing in thousands of homes, and it will bless 
your home. 

A farmer writes: "The book was one of the leading 
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Remember, if not pleased with "The Cyclopaedia," 
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and testimonies. 

Both "The Cyclopaedia" and "Diamonds in the Rough" 
are sold to increase our facilities for helping young men 
and women struggling for an education. 



81 



The Bible Students' Cyclopaedia 

BY REV. L. U. SNEAD 

How to mark your Bible. A complete Bible reading 
for the social and home circle. A marvel in Bible study 
for waking up will and aiding the memory. 

Nineteen halftone and new photo illustrations. A 
book without an equal in rapid system of memorizing 
a large amount of knowledge of important persons, places 
and events of Bible history. 

Can he used as an entertainment the same as authors. 



OVER 300 PAGES 

A book for which thousands are waiting. 



Of special value to Sunday School and Young Peoples 
Society Workers. 

Invaluable to parents in teaching the Bible to their 
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study to be kept on the table for daily use. 

Endorsed by Thousands of Parents, Sunday School 
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See page 83 

82 

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A Few Out of Hundreds of 
Authoritative Opinions 



EDWARD RONDTHALER, D. D., 

Bishop of the Moravian Church, 
Winston-Salem, N. C. 
The author of "The Bible Students' 
Cyclopaedia" shows that he is decidedly 
**a man of one book." The full strength 
of his mind, heart and life has been given 
to this production of his pen, and the 
result is such as may well lead us to 
thank God with him. The volume has 
been beautifully gotten up, with an 
evident love for every page of it, whether 
of print or illustration. The summaries 
and suggestions are admirable. Turn to 
them where you will they are full of the 
substance and the sweetness of the word 
of God. I could not wish for myself a 
better memorial than to have left such a 
book behind me. 



H. A. BROWN. D. D., 

Pastor First Baptist Church, 
Winston-Salem, N. C. 

It gives me pleasure to say that I have 
examined "The Bible Students' Cyclo- 
paedia" and regard it a worthy book. 
It is full of wholesome instruction and 
deserves a place in every Christian home. 
I trust you may have large success in 
introducing this much needed book 
among all thoughtful people. 



ELIZABETH MARCH, 

Former Pres. of the State W. C. T. U.. 

Raleigh, N. C. 

To say "The Bible Students' Cyclo- 
paedia" is a valuable and timely help to 
those who love to study the Word, poorly 
represents the merits of the Book. To 
fully appreciate it one must see it and 
study it. A privilege that will afford 
infinite pleasure and profit to all who 
search the Scriptures to learn its truths 
concerning the Way of Life. 

We heartily commend the Book and 
pray that it may be abundantly blessed 
as a means to advance the cause to which 
it is dedicated. 

We most heartily endorse all Miss 
Elizabeth March says about "The Bible 
Students' Cyclopaedia" and sincerely trust 
that it may bless many more thousands 
of homes. 

Mrs. T. Adelaide Goodno, Pres. of the 
North Carolina W. C. T. U. Mrs. E. Stev- 
ick. Vice Pres. of the North Carolina, W. C. 
T. U. Mrs. G. A. Strickland, the State Supt. 
of Prison Work, North Carolina W. C. T. U. 



G. W. BELK, 

Pastor Presbyterian Church, 
Albemarie, N. C. 

Your valuable book, entitled "The Bible 
Students' Cyclopaedia," is a wonderful 
help to any person desiring to get a clear, 
succinct idea of many of the great facts 
of the Bible. 

It puts things in such an attractive way 
as to arouse an ardent desire for further 
investigation. 

Besides all this, there are a number of 
most helpful facts and suggestions. 

I wish every family in my Church owned 
a copy. 

IRA T. WALKER, D. D., 
Pastor First M. E. Church, 
Rochester, N. Y. 
I am more than pleased with this wise 
method of drawing the mind of the people, 
especially youth, to the Word of God. 
I do most heartily recommend the " Rapid 
System of Memorizing" to every one who 
desires a good thing, for pleasant enter- 
tainment and Bible Study. 

JAY TEAGARDEN, 

Pastor Christian Church, 
Danbury, Conn. 
To be familiar with the teaching of the 
Bible in this age is a true sign of culture. 
I believe this publication will assist the 
young greatly in acquiring the much 
needed knowledge. 

L. WINDSOR, D. D., 

Rector Trinity Church, 
Hornell, N. Y. 

This Publicarion combines entertain- 
ment and the study of the Holy Scriptures 
in a most ingenious manner. The anal- 
ysis and arrangement of the subjects and 
books of the Bible is complete, and the 
adult or child who once becomes interested 
in the "game" cannot fail of being largely 
profited by the use of this religious 
"Memory System." 

I heartily commend the work to all 
Christians who love the study of God's 
word. 

MONROE VA\TIINGER, D. D., 
Pres. Taylor University. 
TO THE BIBLE READING PUBLIC: The Bible 
Students' Cyclopaedia written by Rev. 
L. U. Snead, is a most valuable help to 
teaching the Scriptures and especially 
useful in daily devotion and in getting 
children interested in the Bible. I can 
cheerfully commend the work. 



(See page 82.) 
83 



LABORERS TOGETHER WITH GOD. 

We are laborers together, 

In the harvest field for God, 

Some may plough and some may harrow, 

All may sow the blessed word; 

'Tis the precious seed that springeth. 

And a plenteous harvest bringeth, 

'Tis our only weapon: this the Spirit's sword. 

He that planteth, he that wat'reth. 

Work together, e'en as one. 

The reward shall be, according 

To the work that each hath done, 

Let us labor till the reaping, 

For the judgment's surely creeping. 

On poor souls that through our efforts might be won. 

Then if courage seem to fail us 

With the smallest of our gain, 

Just remember, God works with us. 

This will soothe all needless pain. 

And the glorious harvest morning, 

Will reveal — His crown adorning. 

Souls of those we never thought to meet again. 

H. McD. 

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God, 
and the communion of the Holy Spirit he with all our 
readers^ and may we all meet in Heaven. Amen ! 



84 



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